苦味酸荧光光化学传感器在药物分析中的应用

苦味酸水浴液对固定在增塑的聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）膜中的蒽有可逆荧光熄灭作用，据此研制了测定苦味酸的荧光光化学传感器。该传感器的敏感膜的最佳组成为６～８ｍｇ蒽、５０ｍｇＰｖＣ粉、１００ｍｇ邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯。测定苦味酸的浓度范围为３．０４×１０￣（－６）～６．１６×１０￣（－３）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，重现性良好，响应时间为５～４０秒，该传感器选择性好，许多常见亲脂明离子不干扰测定，可用于药物奎宁及辛可宁的间接测定。     

Poly[[diaquamanganese(II)]‐μ3‐4‐oxido‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylato‐κ4O4,O5:O2:O2]

In the title compound, [Mn(C₅H₂N₂O₄)(H₂O)₂]_n, the Mn^II ion has a distorted octahedral geometry and the 4‐oxido‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate (Hiso²⁻) anion acts as a μ₃:η⁴‐bridging ligand. Two oxo O atoms from different Hiso²⁻ ligands bridge two Mn^II ions, forming centrosymmetric dinuclear building blocks. Each dinuclear building block interacts with another four by the coordination of the oxide groups and carboxylate O atoms, producing a two‐dimensional framework in the ab plane. Hydrogen bonds further extend the two‐dimensional sheets into a three‐dimensional supramolecular framework.     

Development of hyperbranched polymers with non-covalent interactions for extraction and determination of aflatoxins in cereal samples

A novel approach for assembling homogeneous hyperbranched polymers based on non-covalent interactions with aflatoxins was developed; the polymers were used to evaluate the extraction of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) in simulant solutions. The results showed that the extraction efficiencies of three kinds of synthesized polymers for the investigated analytes were not statistically different; as a consequence, one of the representative polymers (polymer I) was used as the solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent to evaluate the influences of various parameters, such as desorption conditions, pH, ionic strength, concentration of methanol in sample solutions, and the mass of the sorbent on the extraction efficiency. In addition, the extraction efficiencies for these aflatoxins were compared between the investigated polymer and the traditional sorbent C18. The results showed that the investigated polymer had superior extraction efficiencies. Subsequently, the proposed polymer for the SPE packing material was employed to enrich and analyze four aflatoxins in the cereal powder samples. The limits of detection (LODs) at a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3 were in the range of 0.012–0.120 ng g⁻¹ for four aflatoxins, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) calculated at S/N = 10 were from 0.04 to 0.40 ng g⁻¹ for four aflatoxins. The recoveries of four aflatoxins from cereal powder samples were in the range of 82.7–103% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 10%. The results demonstrate the suitability of the SPE approach for the analysis of trace aflatoxins in cereal powder samples.     

Preparation of biodegradable and thermoresponsive enzyme–polymer conjugates with controllable bioactivity via RAFT polymerization

The preparation of biodegradable and thermoresponsive enzyme–polymer bioconjugates with controllable enzymatic activity via reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and amidation conjugation reaction is presented. A new 2-mercaptothiazoline ester functionalized RAFT agent with intra-disulfide linkage was synthesized and used as chain transfer agent (CTA) to generate a biocompatible homopolymer, poly(ethyleneglycol) acrylate (polyPEG-A) and a thermoresponsive copolymer of poly(ethyleneglycol) acrylate with di(ethyleneglycol)ethyl ether acrylate [poly(PEG-A-co-DEG-A)]. These biodegradable and thermoresponsive polymers were then conjugated to the surface of glucose oxidase (GOx) under mild condition to afford the biodegradable and thermoresponsive enzyme–polymer conjugates. Cleavage of the polymer chains from the GOx surface obviously recovered the enzymatic activity. The thermoresponsive test of GOx-poly(PEG-A-co-DEG-A) revealed that the bioconjugate exhibited regular enzymatic activity fluctuation upon the temperature change below or above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The as-prepared enzyme–polymer conjugates were also characterized using ¹H NMR, UV–vis spectroscopy, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and biocatalytic activity tests. These smart enzyme–polymer conjugates would envision promising applications in biotechnology and biomedicine.     

Pore Engineering for Covalent Organic Framework Membranes

Membrane technology is of particular significance for the sustainable development of society owing to its potential capacity to tackle the energy shortage and environmental pollution. Membrane materials are the core part of membrane technology. Researchers have always been pursuing predictable structures of advanced membrane materials, which provides a possibility to fully unlock the potential of membranes. Covalent organic frameworks(COFs), with the advantage of controllable pore microenvironment, are considered to be promising candidates to achieve this design concept. The customizable function of COF membranes through pore engineering does well in the enhancement of selective permeability performance, which offers COF membranes with great application potentials in separation and transportation fields. In this context, COF-based membranes have been developed rapidly in recent years. Herein, we present a brief overview on the strategies developed for pore engineering of COF membranes in recent years, including skeleton engineering, pore surface engineering, host-guest chemistry and membrane fabrication. Moreover, the features of transmission or separation of molecules/ions based on COF membranes and corresponding applications are also introduced. In the last part, the challenges and prospects of the development of COF membranes are discussed.     

Facial Synthesis of Adsorbent from Hemicelluloses for Cr(VI) Adsorption

It is challenging work to develop a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly Cr(VI) adsorbent for waste water treatment. In this paper, we used hemicelluloses from chemical fiber factory waste as the raw material, and prepared two kinds of carbon materials by the green hydrothermal method as adsorbent for Cr(VI). The results showed that hemicelluloses hydrothermally treated with citric acid (HTC) presented spherical shapes, and hemicelluloses hydrothermally treated with ammonia solution (HTC-NH₂) provided spongy structures. The adsorption capacity of the samples can be obtained by the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics could be described by the pseudo-second-order model at pH 1.0. The maximum adsorption capacity of HTC-NH₂ in the Langmuir model is 74.60 mg/g, much higher than that of HTC (61.25 mg/g). The green hydrothermal treatment of biomass with ammonia solution will provide a simple and feasible way to prepare adsorbent for Cr(VI) in waste water treatment.     

将铂(Ⅱ)-四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉组装到光捕获金属有机框架中增强可见光驱动的产氢效能

氢气析出反应的分子催化剂因能够将其整合到用于光催化水分解的光捕集复合物中而受到广泛关注.研究者期望通过构建吸光网络,提高分子催化剂的光催化产氢效能.本文报道了以[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ][TCPP=meso-四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉]络合物作为光催化产氢的分子催化剂.采用氯冉酸(CA)作为电子牺牲剂可以很好地稳定光催化剂,使CA被氧化为[CA-H·]自由基.当使用三乙醇胺作为电子牺牲剂时,[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ]分解形成Pt纳米颗粒.电化学循环伏安实验结果表明,光催化产氢的第一步是质子偶联电子转移,以获得[(TCPP)Pt+H]0.然而,第二个电子转移-1.02 V的氧化还原电位不随添加三氟乙酸而位移,表明该电子转移未与质子转移耦合,得到[(TCPP)Pt+H]-.此外,第二次电子转移的峰值处产生催化波,表明氢气是由[(TCPP)Pt+H]-的质子化生成,然后再生[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ]并释放氢气.密度泛函理论计算结果表明,[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ]分子催化剂光催化产氢的机理可能先经过质子耦合电子转移反应,形成[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅰ]-NH,然后依次经过电子注入和质子化形成[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ-H]-NH中间体,最终释放H2.由于整个催化循环过程涉及多个电子的注入,光捕获网络的引入有助于提供多个光电子.因此,本文通过将[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ]掺杂生长到主要由[(TCPP)Zn^Ⅱ]构筑的金属有机框架中,构筑了与分子催化剂连接的光捕获网络,从而将其活性提高了约830倍.纳秒瞬态吸收光谱和时间分辨的磷光光谱表明,向[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ]均相溶液中加入氯冉酸会因电荷转移而缩短3[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ]*寿命.同样现象在金属有机框架体系中也被观察到.然而,在磷光猝灭后,瞬态吸收光谱观察到均相溶液中[(TCPP)Pt+H]0及[CA-H·]自由基信号迅速衰减,在微秒时间尺度上衰减为0,表明大部分还原的[(TCPP)Pt+H]0迅速与氧化后的[CA-H·]复合,限制了光催化氢气析出的光量子效率.然而,在金属有机框架体系中,磷光猝灭后纳秒瞬态吸收光谱在较长时间尺度观察到残留吸收带,表明随后消耗CA,向反应体系中注入电子,推动了反应的完成.本文研究了能量转移对光催化H2析出的影响,并强调了光捕获网络在多电子注入中的重要性.