Development of an immunosensor for the detection of testosterone in bovine urine

In the presented work, a disposable immunosensor for the detection of testosterone, an endogenous steroid hormone, in bovine urine has been developed using screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). Due to concerns over the use of steroid hormones as growth promoters, the EU prohibits their use in food producing animals. Consequently, rigorous screening procedures have been implemented in all member states to detect the illegal administration of such compounds. Competitive immunoassays were developed, initially by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and subsequently transferred to an electrochemical immunosensor format using disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was the enzyme label of choice and chronoamperometric detection was carried out using a tetramethylbenzidine/hydrogen peroxide (TMB/H₂O₂) substrate system, at +100 mV. The EC₅₀ values obtained for the assay in buffer and urine gave relatively comparable results, 710 pg mL⁻¹ and 960 pg mL⁻¹, respectively. The linear range obtained for the assay in buffer extended from 0.03 ng mL⁻¹ to 40 ng mL⁻¹; while that in urine ranged from 0.03 ng mL⁻¹ to 1.6 ng mL⁻¹. The corresponding limits of detection (LOD) in buffer and urine were 26 pg mL⁻¹ and 1.8 pg mL⁻¹. Cross reactivity profiles of the antibody have been examined, with notable cross reactivities with 19-nortestosterone (11.6%) and boldenone (9.86%). Precision studies for the sensor demonstrated adequate reproducibility (CV < 13%, n = 3) and repeatability (CV < 9%, n = 3). Recovery data obtained showed good agreement between spiking studies and known concentrations of analyte. Sensors showed stability for 4 days at +4 °C. A sensitive, highly specific, inexpensive, disposable immunosensor, showing excellent overall performance for the detection of testosterone in bovine urine, has been developed.     

Distributed adaptive control for multiple under-actuated Lagrangian systems under fixed or switching topology

Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper presents distributed adaptive tracking control algorithms under fixed or switching communication graph for a team of agents, each of which is a special class of...     

近年来OLED中双极性主体材料的研究进展在专利中的反映

双极性主体材料是目前提高电致发光器件发光效率的关键材料.本文从双极性主体材料的构造原理出发,提出了一种独到的结构特征分类方式,以结构特征及其演变过程为主线梳理了近年来这个领域的专利技术,并归纳提炼出目前这类材料在结构设计方面的主要构思,文末还对该领域的发展前景进行了展望.     

Theoretical studies on QSAR and mechanism of 2‐indolinone derivatives as tubulin inhibitors

The theoretical studies on three‐dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) and action mechanism of a series of 2‐indolinone derivatives as tubulin inhibitors against human breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231 have been carried out. The established 3D‐QSAR model from the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) shows not only significant statistical quality but also predictive ability, with high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.986) and cross‐validation coefficient (q² = 0.683). In particular, the appropriate binding orientations and conformations of these 2‐indolinone derivatives interacting with tubulin are located by docking study, and it is very interesting to find that the plot of the energy scores of these compounds in DOCK versus the corresponding experimental pIC₅₀ values exhibits a considerable linear correlation. Therefore, the inhibition mechanism that 2‐indolinone derivatives were regarded as tubulin inhibitors can be theoretically confirmed. Based on such an inhibition mechanism along with 3D‐QSAR results, some important factors improving the activities of these compounds were discussed in detail. These factors can be summarized as follows: the H atom adopted as substituent R₁, the substituent R₂ with higher electropositivity and smaller bulk, the substituents R₄–R₆ (on the phenyl ring) with higher electropositivity and larger bulk, and so on. These results can offer useful theoretical references for understanding the action mechanism, designing more potent inhibitors, and predicting their activities prior to synthesis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009     

Integrable Evolution Equations on Spaces of Tensor Densities and Their Peakon Solutions

We study a family of equations defined on the space of tensor densities of weight λ on the circle and introduce two integrable PDE. One of the equations turns out to be closely related to the inviscid Burgers equation while the other has not been identified in any form before. We present their Lax pair formulations and describe their bihamiltonian structures. We prove local wellposedness of the corresponding Cauchy problem and include results on blow-up as well as global existence of solutions. Moreover, we construct “peakon” and “multi-peakon” solutions for all λ ≠ 0, 1, and “shock-peakons” for λ = 3. We argue that there is a natural geometric framework for these equations that includes other well-known integrable equations and which is based on V. Arnold’s approach to Euler equations on Lie groups.     

非水解-溶胶凝胶法制备锆铁红色料影响因素的研究

以工业纯无水四氯化锆、正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,铁的无机盐为着色剂,氟化物为矿化剂,采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法低温制备了锆铁红色料.应用DTA-TG、XRD、色度仪和TEM研究了凝胶化工艺、矿化剂和铁源对锆铁红色料的影响.结果表明:回流结合容弹热处理工艺可以促进ZrSiO4晶体发育充分,有利于ZrSiO4对色料的包裹;由于铁源转变为氧化铁的温度与矿化剂条件下ZrSiO4的合成温度须相适应,当以UF为矿化剂时,ZrSiO4的合成温度降至650℃,FeCl3为适宜的着色剂;而以MgF2为矿化剂时,ZrSiO4的合成温度提高至850℃,FeSO4为适宜的着色剂.     

粒子群及遗传算法在相对论返波管中的应用

在全三维粒子模拟软件CHIPIC平台上,分别开发了粒子群及基因算法模块.以相对论返波管为例,采用三种不同类型的参数(连续参数、离散参数、混合参数),对粒子群及基因算法进行比较.优化结果表明:粒子群算法的收敛速度更快,在有限的迭代步数内得到的目标结果也更优良,总体表现优于基因算法.     

氮氧化硅反相色谱固定相材料的制备及色谱分离性能评价

硅胶是目前高效液相色谱(HPLC)固定相中应用最为广泛的基质材料,其流动相的最佳使用范围为pH 2～8。在高pH(pH＞8)的流动相条件下,流动相中的氢氧根会进攻硅胶基质表面残余的硅醇基,导致硅胶基质固定相骨架溶解。在前期的研究中,我们将高温氨气处理多孔硅胶微球得到的氮氧化硅材料用作HPLC固定相,氮氧化硅在高pH流动相条件下表现出了较硅胶更高的稳定性。本文利用元素分析对氮氧化硅材料的氮化程度及含氮量进行系统的表征,并考察了氮氧化硅材料在不同pH条件下的静态稳定性。利用十八烷基二甲基氯硅烷试剂对氮氧化硅材料表面进行疏水性修饰,并以元素分析和核磁共振波谱对表面键合氮氧化硅材料进行了表征。考察了不同碳链的烷基苯、酸性化合物、碱性化合物在疏水改性的C₁₈氮氧化硅反相色谱固定相上的色谱分离性能。进一步分别以酸、碱和中性化合物为分析对象,比较了C₁₈-SiON1050(10)与C₁₈-SiO₂色谱保留的差异。     

老鼠血清中苯扎贝特的HPLC-MS法测定

建立一种简便、快速、灵敏的高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定老鼠血清中苯扎贝特的方法。 采用Gemini C18色谱柱;流动相：V(乙腈)∶V(甲醇)∶V(水)=60∶15∶25(0.03%甲酸水溶液);柱温35 ℃,流速0.3 mL/min;紫外吸收波长为235 nm;进样量5 μL。 质谱采用电喷雾电离负离子模式,用于定量分析的离子分别为[M-H]- m/z 359.65→273.70(苯扎贝特)和[M-H]- m/z 212.95→127.08(氯贝酸)。 对苯扎贝特检测的线性范围为0.073~7.884 mg/L,r=0.9995。 得到苯扎贝特的平均回收率为94.3%~103.1%;方法的日内和日间的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于6%;最低检测限(LOD)与定量限(LOQ)分别为9.0和30 μg/L;为临床上人体血清中苯扎贝特的浓度检测提供了一种重现性好、灵敏度高的分析方法。