X射线脉冲星导航系统模拟光源的研究

介绍了X射线脉冲星导航地面模拟光源研究的必要性及非伺服的机械调制方法所存在的问题和缺陷, 提出了基于栅控X射线球管的X射线脉冲星辐射脉冲模拟方法, 通过电子光学设计计算, 对栅控X射线管的电极结构进行设计优化, 研制了栅控X射线管和脉冲星模拟光源装置.实验测试了栅控球管的性能, 测试结果与理论计算结果基本相符, 实现了对X射线的调制; 通过基于FPGA的直接数字频率合成方法, 产生脉冲星的任意形状脉冲轮廓电压信号, 加载至球管控制栅极, 并对其出射脉冲轮廓进行测试, 结果表明产生的X射线脉冲轮廓逼真程度在95%以上, 模拟源频率稳定度约为2×10^-11. 关键词： 脉冲星导航 X射线球管 栅极控制     

神经群模型中癫痫状棘波的闭环控制性能研究

神经群模型可模拟产生癫痫发作间歇期、发作前期和发作期的脑电信号.本文基于代数估计法,给出一种新型的闭环反馈控制策略以消除神经群模型中的癫痫状棘波.代数估计法用以观测模型中的状态以进一步构造控制器.在多个神经群耦合的模型中,通过数值仿真研究了与所给的闭环反馈控制策略相关的一些特性,包括受控神经群的类型与消除棘波的能力之间的关系、受控神经群的数目与控制能量之间的关系、模型的参量和控制能量之间的关系,以期建立合适的控制规则实现利用尽可能小的控制能量消除癫痫状棘波.此外,通过数值仿真对基于代数估计法的闭环反馈控制策略和直接比例反馈控制策略进行比较,结果表明,利用代数估计法进行滤波能减少消除癫痫状棘波所需的控制能量.     

用于脉冲星导航的X射线光子计数探测器研究

研制了用于脉冲星导航的X射线光子计数探测器原理样机, 该探测器主要由对X射线灵敏度较高的CsI光电阴极、微通道板电子倍增器和收集阳极组成. 对X射线光子计数探测器灵敏度、时间分辨率和整个系统的死时间进行了测试, 实验结果表明该探测器的灵敏度在5 keV时可达5.2× 10³ A/W, 时间分辨率可达到1.1 ns, 系统整体的死时间为100 ns. 关键词： 脉冲星导航 光子计数探测器 灵敏度 时间分辨率     

Fluorescent pyrene-centered starburst oligocarbazoles with excellent thermal and electrochemical stabilities

A series of pyrene-centered starburst oligocarbazoles (1-3) have been synthesized and well characterized. Based on photophysical, thermal and electrochemical studies in solutions and as thin films, all starburst molecules reveal a sky blue emission with a high efficiency (Φ(F) = 0.99-0.81) and excellent thermal and electrochemical stabilities. As OLED materials, these superior properties are helpful to enhance device stability and lifetime.     

Characterization and identification of steroidal alkaloids in Fritillaria species using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry

Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) was performed to study the fragmentation behaviors of steroidal alkaloids from Fritillaria species, the antitussive and expectorant herbs widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. We propose, herein, a strategy that combining key diagnostic fragment ions and the relative abundances and amounts of major fragment ions (the ions exceeding 10% in abundance) to distinguish different sub-classes of Fritillaria alkaloids (FAs). It was found that hydrogen rearrangement and induction effects result in ring cleavage of the basic skeletons occurred in the MS/MS process and produced characteristic fragment ions, which are useful for structural elucidation. This method was finally used to investigate the primary steroidal alkaloids in the extracts of eight major Fritillaria species. As a result, 41 steroidal alkaloids (29 cevanine type, 1 jervine type, 6 veratramine type and 5 secosolanidine type alkaloids) were selectively identified in these Fritillaria species. Twenty-six compounds were unambiguously identified by comparing with the reference compounds and 15 compounds were tentatively identified or deduced according to their MS/MS data. Logical fragmentation pathways for different types of FAs have been proposed and are useful for the identification of these types of steroidal alkaloids in natural products especially when there are no reference compounds available.     

Trapping Behavior of He in Ti Revisited by ab initio Calculations

We report a detailed ab initio study of the trapping behavior of interstitial helium atoms （IHAs） in hcp Ti. The tetrahedral interstitial site for one He is confirmed to be the most stable IHA configuration, but the most favorable interstitial site comprises two adjacent octahedral sites for two helium atoms. The octahedral IHA can trap another IHA regardless of the site where it is initially located, whereas the tetrahedral IHA cannot. Hybridization among the different states is responsible for the stable order, which has significant implications for He clustering and bubble nucleation that can affect material performance in future fusion reactors. These results provide the basis for the development of improved atomistic models.     

Electrosorption of uranium ions on activated carbon fibers

A study on the electrosorption of uranium (U(VI)) ions onto a porous activated carbon fiber was performed to treat lagoon sludge containing 100 mg/L uranium and high concentration of chemical salts composed 3.8% NaNO₃, 19.8% NH₄NO₃, 1.9% Ca(NO₃)₂. The applied negative potential increased the adsorption kinetics and capacity in comparison to the open-circuit potential adsorption for uranium ions. When applying potential at −0.9 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and pH 4, above 99% of the uranium is selectively removed from the 100 mg/L influent by electrosorption, and the cumulative amount of uranium for 50 h is about 600 mg_uranium/g_ACF. The high selectivity of elctrosorption process for uranium was probably caused by the difference of charge density of cations. More than 99% of adsorbed uranium ions was desorbed at a potential of +1.2 V and pH 3. The electrosorption of uranium onto the porous activated carbon fiber electrode is due to an ion exchange type reaction between the uranium ions and surface acid groups on carbon surface. Cyclic electrosorption test consisting of adsorption and desorption step shows that the activated carbon fiber electrode is easily regenerated in situ, indicating it is a reversible process.     

Microbundles of zinc oxide nanorods: Assembly in ionic liquid [EMIM][BF4], photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties

A simple, efficient and low-temperature approach for the assembly of hierarchical Zinc oxide (ZnO) microstructures in ionic liquid [EMIM]⁺[BF₄]⁻ is reported. The as-obtained ZnO superstructures are composed of microbundles of nanorods from the center points, with the diameter and length in the range of 100-150 nm and 2-4 μm, which have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The ZnO microstructures exhibit significant defect-related green-yellow emission and high photodegradation of dye Methyl Orange (5×10⁻⁵ mol/L) under UV excitation within 80 min.     

X波段百兆瓦级高功率微波合成器设计及实验研究

介绍了一种极化正交全耦合型高功率微波(HPM)合成器,其主要用途是实现两路HPM分时共用一个天线辐射.合成器主要由输入段、耦合段及输出段三部分组成,利用该合成器能够实现一个吉瓦级HPM脉冲序列和一个百兆瓦级HPM脉冲序列由一个公共端口共同输出.合成器输入段有与主通道及副通道相连的两个输入端口,合成器的主通道与公共输出口直接相连,副通道利用连续长缝结构将能量耦合进入主通道经公共输出口输出.利用数值模拟方法对合成器进行了优化设计,合成器主通道的能量传输效率可达99%以上,副通道的能量耦合效率可达96%以上.建 关键词： 高功率微波 合成器 耦合波     

电荷云尺寸对紫外光子计数成像探测器性能的影响

微通道板出射电荷云尺寸与微通道板增益、微通道板输出面和楔条形阳极间距离以及阳极加速电压等因素有关.到达阳极的电荷云尺寸对紫外光子计数探测器的成像性能有重要影响.本文研究了电荷云尺寸对紫外光子计数成像系统成像性能的影响,论述了调制畸变和"S"畸变两种图像畸变及其产生的原因,采用蒙特卡洛方法模拟了不同尺寸的电荷云对阳极解码的影响.实验测试了微通道板和阳极间距离、微通道板增益以及阳极加速电压对紫外光子计数成像系统成像性能的影响,并给出了实际解决调制畸变和"S"畸变的有效方法. 关键词： 光子计数成像 楔条形阳极 微通道板 阳极探测器