Using a Fuzzy Piecewise Regression Analysis to Predict the Nonlinear Time-Series of Turbulent Flows with Automatic Change-Point Detection

Research has already shown that turbulent flow consists of some coherent time- and space-organized vortical structures. Some dynamic systems and experimental models are employed to understand the turbulent generation mechanism. However, these approaches still cannot provide a good nonlinear analysis of turbulent time-series. In the real turbulent flow, very complicated nonlinear behaviors, which are affected by many vague factors are present. Based on the nonlinear behavior and the results of from this traditional research, we introduce multivariate statistical analysis of an experimental study to explain practical phenomenon. In this paper, a new approach of fuzzy piecewise regression analysis with automatic change-point detection is proposed to predict the nonlinear time-series of turbulent flows. In order to show the practicality and usefulness of this model, we present an example of predicting the near-wall turbulence time-series as a verifiable model. The results of practical applications show that the proposed method is appropriate and appears to be useful in nonlinear analysis and in fuzzy environments to predict the turbulence time-series. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Reversible Phase Transformation and Luminescence of Cadmium(II)–Dipyridylamide‐Based Coordination Frameworks

We have synthesized a series of 1D double‐zigzag ({[Cd(paps)₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂}_n ( 1 ), {[Cd(papo)₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂}_n ( 3 ), and {[Cd(papc)₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂}_n ( 5 )) and 2D polyrotaxane frameworks ([Cd(papc)₂(ClO₄)₂]_n ( 6 )) by the reaction of Cd(ClO₄)₂ with dipyridylamide ligands N,N′‐bis(pyridylcarbonyl)‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl thioether (paps), N,N′‐bis(pyridylcarbonyl)‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (papo), and N,N′‐(methylenedi‐p‐phenylene)bispyridine‐4‐carboxamide (papc), respectively, where their molecular structures have been determined by X‐ray diffraction studies. Based on the powder X‐ray data (PXRD) of compound 3 and its Zn^II analogue, heating the double‐zigzag framework of compound 3 can give the polyrotaxane framework of [Cd(papo)₂(ClO₄)₂]_n ( 4 ) and grinding this powder sample in the presence of moisture resulted in its complete conversion back into the pure double‐zigzag framework. In addition, heating the double‐zigzag frameworks of compounds 1 and 5 can induce structural transformation into their respective polyrotaxanes, whereas grinding these solid samples in the presence of moisture did not lead to the formation of the double zigzags. Herein, we investigated the effect of the metal (from Zn^II to Cd^II) on the assembly process and luminescence properties, as well as on the particularly intriguing structural transformation of a series of papx‐based frameworks. In fact, the assembly behavior and luminescence properties of the Cd^II? papx and Zn^II? papx frameworks were really similar. However, both Zn^II? papx (x=s, o) frameworks can perform reversible structural transformation, but only the Cd^II? papo framework can do it. Therefore, a delicate metal effect on such a new structural transformation can be observed.     

Highly Sensitive Quantitative Analysis of 1-[3-(Furo[3,2-c]quinolin-4-ylamino)phenyl]ethanone Oxime, a New Antitumor Agent, in Rat Plasma by LC with Electrochemical Detection

1-[3-(Furo[3,2-c]quinolin-4-ylamino)phenyl]ethanone oxime (CCK2) is an antitumor agent which was especially active against the growth of the renal cancer cell UO-31 (GI₅₀ = 0.03 μm) and the two melanoma cancer cells UACC-257 (GI₅₀ < 0.01 μm) and UACC-62 (GI₅₀ < 0.01 μm) in cytotoxicity evaluation of NCI’s full panel of 60 human cancer cell lines. From structure–activity relationships for amsacrine and CCK2, CCK2 is, moreover, expected to have a longer half-life than amsacrine in plasma. A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection has therefore been developed and validated for determination of the pharmacokinetics of CCK2 in rats. Plasma samples were spiked with 2-naphthol as internal standard and extracted with dichloromethane. The analytes were separated on a C₁₈ reversed-phase column (55 × 4 mm) with 20% acetonitrile, 5% tetrahydrofuran, and 75% pH 3.0 McIlvaine buffer as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min^?1. Electrochemical detection of CCK2 was performed at 1.0 V and 20 nA. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable down to the limit of quantification of 10 ng mL^?1. The lower limit of detection was 5 ng mL^?1. In an in vivo study pharmacokinetic data were determined for CCK2 in rat after intravenous administration of 6, 12, and 24 μmol kg^?1. The apparent volume of distribution, elimination half-life, and clearance were not significantly different among the three doses. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve increased in proportion to increasing dose. The elimination half-life of CCK2 was 3.4 times that of amsacrine. CCK2 might, therefore, have the potential to be tested clinically. The results also showed that this selective, sensitive, and reproducible LC method could be successfully applied to investigation of the pharmacokinetics of CCK2.     

钙调素与重金属Pb2+结合反应的方波极谱与循环伏安法研究

采用方波极谱法研究了重金属Pb2+与钙调素(CaM)的结合反应, 直接检测到Pb2+-CaM配合物的存在, 并进一步利用循环伏安法研究了Pb2+-CaM的电极反应. 在pH=6.5时, 用方波极谱法在Pb2+-CaM体系中检测出2个还原峰, 峰电位分别为-0.44~-0.47 V和-0.73~-0.77 V, 说明在Pb2+-CaM体系中铅有2种存在形式, -0.44~-0.47 V的还原峰对应于游离态Pb2+, 电位更负的还原峰对应于配合物[Pb2+-CaM]. 2个还原峰的峰电流均随着cPb2+/cCaM比值增大而增大; 至cPb2+/cCaM≥10后, 配合物[Pb2+-CaM]的峰电流基本不再变化, 而游离态Pb2+的峰电流则继续增大. 利用极谱滴定曲线的拐点可判断出Pb2+在CaM中有10个结合位点. 进一步的测量结果表明, 循环伏安曲线出现游离态Pb2+的氧化峰和还原峰, 而络合态的[Pb2+-CaM]只有其还原峰, 反向电压扫描时不出现阳极波, 即没有相对应的氧化峰出现.     

Triterpenoids from the Stems of Momordica charantia

Two new cucurbitane triterpenes, (23E)‐7β‐methoxycucurbita‐5,23,25‐trien‐3β‐ol ( 1 ) and 23,25‐dihydroxy‐5β,19‐epoxycucurbit‐6‐ene‐3,24‐dione ( 2 ), and a new D : C‐friedooleanane triterpene, 3α‐[(E)‐feruloyloxy]‐D : C‐friedooleana‐7,9(11)‐dien‐29‐oic acid ( 3 ), together with two known D : C‐friedooleanane triterpenes, 3β‐[(E)‐feruloyloxy]‐D : C‐friedooleana‐7,9(11)‐dien‐29‐oic acid ( 4 ) and 3‐oxo‐D : C‐friedooleana‐7,9(11)‐dien‐29‐oic acid ( 5 ), were isolated from the stems of Momordica charantia. The structures of the new compounds 1 – 3 were determined by spectroscopic methods.     

Reactions of a methylmercury zwitterionic thiolate complex [MeHg(Tab)]PF6 with various donor ligands: relevance to methylmercury detoxification

Reaction of MeHgI with Ag(2)O in H(2)O followed by addition of equimolar TabHPF(6) in MeCN gave rise to a methylmercury zwitterionic thiolate complex [MeHg(Tab)]PF(6) (1) (TabH = 4-(trimethylammonio)benzenethiol) in a high yield. Treatment of 1 with KI and KSCN afforded an anion exchange product [MeHg(Tab)]I·0.25H(2)O (2·0.25H(2)O) and [MeHg(Tab)]SCN (3), respectively, while that of 1 with equimolar Tab resulted in the formation of another MeHg/Tab compound [MeHg(Tab)(2)]PF(6) (4). The cation of 2 or 3 shows an approximately linear structure in which the central Hg(II) is coordinated by one C atom of one CH(3) group and one S atom of a Tab ligand. The Hg(ii) center of the cation of 4 is trigonally coordinated by one C atom of the CH(3) group and two S atoms of two Tab ligands. The analogous reaction of 1 with NH(4)SCN led to the cleavage of the Hg-C bond of 1 and the formation of a known four-coordinated Hg(II)/Tab complex [Hg(Tab)(2)(SCN)(2)] (5). When 4 was treated with 4,6-Me(2)pymSH or EtSH, another four-coordinated Hg(II)/Tab complex [Hg(Tab)(4)](3)(PF(6))(6) (6) was generated in a high yield. The Hg(II) center of each cation of 6 is tetrahedrally coordinated by four S atoms of four Tab ligands. The results suggested that cleavage of the Hg-C bond in the methylmercury complex 1 could be completed by increasing the coordination number of its Hg(II) center by S-donor ligands and protonating the methyl group by weak acids.     

Using oppositely charged ions to operate a three-station [2]rotaxane in two different switching modes

A [2]rotaxane undergoes switching of its bis-p-xylyl-[26]crown-6 (BPX26C6) component away from its guanidinium station toward its 2,2'-bipyridyl and carbamate stations upon the addition and removal of Zn(2+) and PO(4)(3-) ions, respectively.     

Theoretical study on 2s2p6np Rydberg states of Cu19+ ion

We report on the calculations of transition wavelengths and weighted oscillator strengths for 2s²2p⁶-2s2p⁶ⁿp (4 ≤ n ≤ 20) electric dipole (E1) transitions of Cu¹⁹⁺ ion. The flexible atomic code (FAC) has been adopted for the calculations. Comparisons are made with the experimental data available, showing that the present results for 4 ≤ n ≤ 6 are more accurate than the previous calculated values. Furthermore, combining the quantum defect theory (QDT) with the transition energies of 2s²2p⁶-2s2p⁶np, the quantum defects for 2s2p⁶np Rydberg series of Cu¹⁹⁺ ion are determined. In addition, the energies of any highly excited states (n > 20) for this series can be reliably predicted using the QDT and the given quantum defects. The ionization energies for Cu¹⁹⁺ and Cu²⁰⁺ ions are also calculated and they excellently accord with previous experimental and calculated values.     

Combined DEMATEL technique with hybrid MCDM methods for creating the aspired intelligent global manufacturing & logistics systems

The concept of globalization has been prosperous in the past decades while manufacturing as well as logistics have already become one of the most significant issues in the globalization era. However, while modern globalized firms are leveraging both global manufacturing resources as well as logistics systems for pursuing higher quality, lower cost as well as product differentiation, how to evaluate, selecting an appropriate global manufacturing strategy by considering issues from both aspects of global manufacturing as well as logistics has become one of the most critical and difficult issues. Moreover, how the chosen intertwined global manufacturing as well as logistics system is to be optimized so that the aspired level of the global manufacturing system can be achieved have few been addressed. Thus, this research aims to resolve the above mentioned global manufacturing and logistics strategy selection as well as system reconfiguration issue. A Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique based novel multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) method with Analytic Network Process (ANP), Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) as well as VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) will be proposed for selecting and re-configuring the aspired global manufacturing and logistics system. An empirical study based on the global manufacturing and logistics system design of a semiconductor company will be provided for verifying the effectiveness of this proposed methodology.