一种基于三维激光点云数据的单木树冠投影面积和树冠体积自动提取算法

树冠投影面积和树冠体积是研究单木生物量估测、三维绿量测算等的重要测量因子。针对树冠结构复杂、形态各异,树冠因子难以精确测量等问题,为实现单木树冠投影面积和树冠体积的自动提取和精准测量,以三维激光扫描获取的树木点云数据为数据源,运用平面散乱点集凸包算法——Graham扫描算法和不规则体切片分割累加算法,以VC++6.0和Matlab 7.0混合编程,实现树冠投影面积和树冠体积的自动提取。以实验区选取具有代表性的22株不同树种的样木为研究对象,并与传统人工测量方法进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,树冠投影面积人工测量(A₄)结果与点云数据的自动计算(A_V)结果相关性较好,r=0.964(p<0.01),A₄高于A_V的平均值为25.5%。近似规则几何体方法树冠体积测量(V_C)结果与基于点云数据的自动计算(V_VC)结果之间呈现较强的相关性,r=0.960(p<0.001),V_C低于V_VC的平均值为8.03%。该方法基于高精度单木点云数据,实现了树冠结构的高精度快速重构、单木树冠投影面积和树冠体积的无损自动提取,可以为单木树冠结构的研究提供参考,在精准林业领域具有推广应用价值。     

荧光光谱法辨别丙二醇和二甘醇

以齐药二厂的假药事件为背景,对1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇和二甘醇的吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行了测量,实验结果证明光谱法不失为一种快捷有效的区分手段.在紫外吸收光谱中,可以通过最大吸光度的差异区分二甘醇和丙二醇;在一定紫外波长激励下,三种醇的荧光光谱特性均存在差异,以此可以对三种醇作出有效区分;在230nm激发下,将二甘醇和两种丙二醇分别混合,混合溶液的相对荧光强度均与两种丙二醇体积比呈线性反比关系,这在一定程度上证明了二甘醇的荧光量子效率大于两种丙二醇.     

催化动力学荧光法测定中草药对羟基自由基的清除率

苯甲酸具有很弱的荧光,在Co2+的催化下,过氧化氢能氧化苯甲酸发出强的荧光。中草药提取物可以清除溶液中的·OH, 使产物的生成量减少, 从而使溶液的荧光增加程度降低。据此原理建立了一种测定中草药对羟基自由基清除率的催化动力学荧光新体系。当中草药的浓度为4.0 mg(干重)·mL-1时,测得紫花地丁、苍术和赤芍对羟基自由基的清除率分别为60.8%,40.1%和94.3%。该方法与分光光度法测定结果相比无显著性差异。     

塑料光纤拉丝塔控制系统设计

为减小塑料光纤纤芯直径波动造成的非固有散射损耗,设计了一种新型光纤拉丝塔控制系统,详细阐述了其工作原理及软硬件实现过程。采用单片机作为核心处理部件,合理设计传感器测温电路、加热炉温度控制电路、直径测量和控制电路以及友好的人机界面。实验表明系统拉丝芯径范围宽(0.2～3mm),拉制光纤直径均匀,精度可控制在15μm以内。整个系统成本低,实用价值高,满足塑料光纤实验室研究需要,可供实际生产参考。     

Q波段回旋行波管宽带高平均功率输出窗设计与热分析

利用场匹配理论建立传输级联矩阵的方法对多层窗片结构输出窗进行研究,通过大量的数值计算给出Q波段回旋行波管一种新型中间风冷结构输出窗的参数,然后通过数值计算和HFSS仿真验证,该新型输出窗在46~50 GHz范围内,S11反射系数小于-20 dB。在此基础上进一步对该输出窗进行热分析,热分析表明：新型输出窗窗片中心与边缘温差与传统输出窗相比大幅下降,热应力大大减小,提高了输出窗的功率容量。回旋行波管工作在TE01模式时,新型输出窗获得的最大饱和功率容量达到90 kW,与传统输出窗相比,功率容量提高了21.8 kW。     

紫外分光光度法测定肉制品中亚硝酸盐

在酸性条件下 ,亚硝酸盐与间苯二酚及锆氧离子反应生成有色螯合物 ,建立了一种简易快速的测定食品中微量亚硝酸盐的方法。优化了波长、酸度、显色剂用量、显色时间等实验条件 ,并由正交实验进一步验证。对猪肉、午餐肉、腊肠、香肠几种样品中的亚硝酸根离子进行测定 ,回收率达 90 %以上     

Transition of Bery Phase and Pancharatnam Phase and Phase Change

Berry Phase and time-dependent Pancharatnam phase are investigated for nuclear spin polarization in a liquid by a rotation magnetic field, where two-state mixture effect is exactly included in the geometric phases. We find that when the system of nuclear spin polarization is in the unpolarized state, the transitive phenomena of both Berry phase and Pancharatnam phase are taken place. For the polarized system, in contrast, such a transition is not taken place. It is obvious that the transitions of geometric phase correspond to the phase change of physical system.     

Time resolved laser-induced plasma dynamics

The structure and evolution of the laser-induced vapor plume and shockwave were measured from femtosecond time resolved shadowgraph images. By changing the wavelength of the probe beam (400 and 800 nm), differences in the opacity of the vapor plume were measured as a function of delay time from the ablation laser pulse. The evolution of the temperature and electron number density during and after the ablation laser pulse were determined and compared for ablation in argon and helium background gases. A laser supported detonation wave (LSD) observed for ablation in argon, blocks the incoming laser energy and generates a high-pressure region above the vapor plume.     

Structural phase transition of vanadium at 69 GPa

A phase transition was observed at 63-69 GPa and room temperature in vanadium with synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The transition is characterized as a rhombohedral lattice distortion of the body-centered-cubic vanadium without a discontinuity in the pressure-volume data, thus representing a novel type of transition that has never been observed in elements. Instead of driven by the conventional s-d electronic transition mechanism, the phase transition could be associated with the softening of C44 trigonal elasticity tensor that originates from the combination of Fermi surface nesting, band Jahn-Teller distortion, and electronic topological transition.