Structural Stability for Ill-Posed Problems in Banach Space

We prove Holder-continuous dependence results for the difference between solutions of certain ill-posed and approximate well-posed problems in both Hilbert and Banach spaces. We use operator-theoretic methods, including C-semigroups, to treat the abstract Cauchy problem $\frac{du}{dt} = Au, u(0) = \chi, 0 \leq t < T,$ where the operator $-A$ is the infinitesimal generator of a holomorphic semigroup.     

Novel total synthesis of anserinone A and B

Anserinones A and B are natural products that have been shown to have potential anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. This work entails the novel synthesis of these natural products.     

Modulating the light switch by (3)MLCT-(3)ππ* state interconversion

The spectroscopic, electronic, and DNA-binding characteristics of two novel ruthenium complexes based on the dialkynyl ligands 2,3-bis(phenylethynyl)-1,4,8,9-tetraaza-triphenylene (bptt, 1) and 2,3-bis(4-tert-butyl-phenylethynyl)-1,4,8,9-tetraaza-triphenylene (tbptt, 2) have been investigated. Electronic structure calculations of bptt reveal that the frontier molecular orbitals are localized on the pyrazine-dialkynyl portion of the free ligand, a property that is reflected in a red shift of the lowest energy electronic transition (1: λ(max) = 393 nm) upon substitution at the terminal phenyl groups (2: λ(max) = 398 nm). Upon coordination to ruthenium, the low-energy ligand-centered transitions of 1 and 2 are retained, and metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions (MLCT) centered at λ(max) = 450 nm are observed for [Ru(phen)(2)bptt](2+)(3) and [Ru(phen)(2)tbptt](2+)(4). The photophysical characteristics of 3 and 4 in ethanol closely parallel those observed for [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) and [Ru(phen)(3)](2+), indicating that the MLCT excited state is primarily localized within the [Ru(phen)(3)](2+) manifold of 3 and 4, and is only sparingly affected by the extended conjugation of the bptt framework. In an aqueous environment, 3 and 4 possess notably small luminescence quantum yields (3: ?(H(2)O) = 0.005, 4: ?(H(2)O) = 0.011) and biexponential decay kinetics (3: τ(1) = 40 ns, τ(2) = 230 ns; 4: τ(1) ～ 26 ns, τ(2) = 150 ns). Addition of CT-DNA to an aqueous solution of 3 causes a significant increase in the luminescence quantum yield (?(DNA) = 0.045), while the quantum yield of 4 is relatively unaffected (?(DNA) = 0.013). The differential behavior demonstrates that tert-butyl substitution on the terminal phenyl groups inhibits the ability of 4 to intercalate with DNA. Such changes in intrinsic luminescence demonstrate that 3 binds to DNA via intercalation (K(b) = 3.3 × 10(4) M(-1)). The origin of this light switch behavior involves two competing (3)MLCT states similar to that of the extensively studied light switch molecule [Ru(phen)(2)dppz](2+). The solvent- and temperature-dependence of the luminescence of 3 reveal that the extended ligand aromaticity lowers the energy of the (3)ππ* excited state into competition with the emitting (3)MLCT state. Interconversion between these two states plays a significant role in the observed photophysics and is responsible for the dual emission in aqueous environments.     

Sheet AA2024‐T3: a new investigation of microstructure and composition

Sheet AA2024‐T3 is probably one of the most studied aluminium alloys in the corrosion field, because, with copper as an alloying addition, it is one of the most corrosion‐prone aluminium alloys. This paper reports new findings on the composition and distribution of intermetallic (IM) particles in AA2024‐T3 through the examination of over 80 000 compositional domains in nearly 18 000 IM particles. This work was achieved by using an electron microprobe to map out 2 × 2 mm² at a step size of 400 nm. This study revealed that the composition of individual particles can vary considerably from ‘accepted’ compositions. Domains within particles were extensive across the surface. Because such a large area was mapped, it was possible to subdivide this area and to look at the variation of particle statistics from region to region, providing some information on the statistical variation for small electrodes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mercury speciation in air-coal and oxy-coal combustion: A modelling approach

In this study, a mechanism for mercury chlorination in flue gases resulting from the combustion of pulverised coal has been presented. Arrhenius parameters of the gas-phase elementary reactions in the Hg–Cl sub-mechanism have been updated and are mainly based on recent experimental and quantum mechanical rate determinations. The mechanism is validated by comparison to accurate experimental data that is unbiased by Hg oxidation in the impinger solutions of aqueous chemistry methods. Solid-phase retention of Hg⁰ has been studied in parallel to char combustion; the heterogeneous model describes condensation of mercury on fly ash particles. The combined homogeneous–heterogeneous model predictions show comparable trends to those of power plant data. This approach aims to provide an improved prediction of mercury speciation from coal-fired power plants and to shed light on the chemical kinetic changes encountered during oxy-coal operation.     

The rapid prototyping of textured amorphous surfaces for the graphoepitaxial deposition of CdTe films using focused ion beam lithography

Cadmium telluride films deposited on amorphous substrates exhibit a grain structure characterized by [111]-oriented grains, but where the in-plane grain orientation is randomized due to the absence of epitaxy. Here, we explore the viability of promoting an in-plane grain alignment through graphoepitaxy. Fifteen different substrate surface textures were fabricated using focused ion beam lithography. This approach allows for the side-by-side deposition of surface textures where both the areal extent and depth of the surface features are varied in a systematic manner. CdTe films deposited overtop these textures show grain structures with dramatic variations, revealing that particular length scales have the most pronounced effect on the grain structure.     

Rotation reversal bifurcation and energy confinement saturation in tokamak Ohmic L-mode plasmas

Direction reversals of intrinsic toroidal rotation have been observed in diverted Alcator C-Mod Ohmic L-mode plasmas following electron density ramps. For low density discharges, the core rotation is directed cocurrent, and reverses to countercurrent following an increase in the density above a certain threshold. Such reversals occur together with a decrease in density fluctuations with 2 cm(-1)≤k(θ)≤11 cm(-1) and frequencies above 70 kHz. There is a strong correlation between the reversal density and the density at which the Ohmic L-mode energy confinement changes from the linear to the saturated regime.