采用组合引导磁场的多注二极管设计

分析了采用单一同轴磁场时强流相对论多注阴极的侧端发射问题,研究了在不同磁场内半径和多注漂移管长度情况下多注电子束的传输效率。研究发现：由于引导磁场尺寸有限,高压下多注阴极杆及多注阴极柱的电子束发射是影响多注电子束传输效率的主要因素,且该部分电子束对多注漂移管入口管壁的轰击直接影响了多注速调管的重频能力。设计了采用永磁铁和同轴磁场组合工作的强流相对论多注二极管,理论分析和模拟计算证明：基于组合磁场的多注二极管可明显减弱甚至抑制多注阴极发射球头以外的电子束发射,并且组合磁场的磁场位形和强度可满足强流相对论多注电子束的高效、稳定传输。

     

241Am-Be中子参考辐射的蒙特卡罗模拟研究

研究用于校准场所中子剂量监测仪表的241Am-Be中子参考辐射场计量特性。采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了空气自由中子参考辐射(FRNR),GB/T 14055规定的最小尺寸中子参考辐射(SRNR)和实际中子参考辐射(ARNR)中不同检验点处中子周围剂量当量率、散射中子占比和能谱分布特征。研究结果表明,空气对FRNR中的剂量率和能谱分布影响小,近似为理想中子参考辐射;采用5%含硼聚乙烯作屏蔽的最小尺寸SRNR可减少热中子,降低散射中子占比,影锥法不适用于小尺寸中子参考辐射中对散射中子的修正;ARNR中的散射中子更少、占比更低,影锥法所得散射中子占比与理论值基本一致。     

共轭线性对称性及其对PT-对称量子理论的应用

传统量子系统的哈密顿是自伴算子,哈密顿的自伴性不仅保证系统遵循酉演化和保持概率守恒,而且也保证了它自身具有实的能量本征值,这类系统称为自伴量子系统.然而,确实存在一些物理系统(如PT-对称量子系统),其哈密顿不是自伴的,这类系统称为非自伴量子系统.为了深入研究PT-对称量子系统,并考虑到算子PT的共轭线性性,首先讨论了共轭线性算子的一些性质,包括它们的矩阵表示和谱结构等;其次,分别研究了具有共轭线性对称性和完整共轭线性对称性的线性算子,通过它们的矩阵表示,给出了共轭线性对称性和完整共轭线性对称性的等价刻画;作为应用,得到了关于PT-对称及完整PT-对称算子的一些有趣性质,并通过一些具体例子,说明了完整PT-对称性对张量积运算不具有封闭性,同时说明了完整PT-对称性既不是哈密顿算子在某个正定内积下自伴的充分条件,也不是必要条件.     

复杂势场量子弹球中疤痕态的量子化条件

量子疤痕是波函数在经典不稳定周期轨道周围反常凝聚的一种量子或波动现象.人们对疤痕态的量子化条件进行了大量研究,对深入理解半经典量子化起到了一定的促进作用.之前大部分研究工作主要集中在硬墙量子弹球上,即给定边界形状的无穷深量子势阱系统.本文研究具有光滑复杂势场的二维量子弹球系统,考察疤痕态的量子化条件及其重复出现的规律,得到了与硬墙弹球不一样的结果,对理解这类现象是一个有益的补充.这些结果将有助于理解具有无规长程杂质分布的二维电子系统的态密度谱和输运行为.     

A reconfigurable terahertz polarization converter based on metal–graphene hybrid metasurface

A metal-graphene hybrid metasurface polarization converter is designed in this Letter.The unit cell of the hybrid metasurface is composed of a butterfly-shaped structure whose branches are connected by multi-layer graphene sheets.The proposed device can be reconfigured from linear-to-circular polarization to cross-polarization by changing the Fermi energy of graphene.The simulation results show that for three-layer graphene,the device acts as a linear-to-circular polarization converter when EF=0 eV and switches to a cross-polarization converter when EF=0.5 eV.Compared with single-layer graphene,the device with three-layer graphene can maintain the cross-polarization conversion performance under low Fermi energy.Furthermore,two equivalent circuits in the x and y directions are developed to understand the working mechanism of the device.     

鬼成像中一些数学问题

鬼成像是一种与传统成像方式不同的通过光场涨落的高阶关联获得图像信息的新型成像方式。近年来,相比传统成像方式,鬼成像所拥有的一些优点如高灵敏度、超分辨能力、抗散射等,使其在遥感、多光谱成像、热X射线衍射成像等领域得到广泛研究。随着对鬼成像的广泛研究,数学理论和方法在其中发挥的作用愈显突出。例如,基于压缩感知理论,可以进行鬼成像系统采样方式优化、图像重构算法设计及图像重构质量分析等研究工作。本文旨在探索鬼成像中的一些有趣的数学问题,主要包括:系统预处理方法、光场优化及相位恢复问题。对这些问题的研究既可以丰富鬼成像理论,又能推动它在实际应用中的发展。     

Surface passivation in n-type silicon and its application in silicon drift detector

Based on the surface passivation of n-type silicon in a silicon drift detector(SDD), we propose a new passivation structure of SiO2/Al2O3/SiO2 passivation stacks. Since the SiO2 formed by the nitric-acid-oxidation-of-silicon(NAOS)method has good compactness and simple process, the first layer film is formed by the NAOS method. The Al2O3 film is also introduced into the passivation stacks owing to exceptional advantages such as good interface characteristic and simple process. In addition, for requirements of thickness and deposition temperature, the third layer of the SiO2 film is deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD). The deposition of the SiO2 film by PECVD is a low-temperature process and has a high deposition rate, which causes little damage to the device and makes the SiO2 film very suitable for serving as the third passivation layer. The passivation approach of stacks can saturate dangling bonds at the interface between stacks and the silicon substrate, and provide positive charge to optimize the field passivation of the n-type substrate.The passivation method ultimately achieves a good combination of chemical and field passivations. Experimental results show that with the passivation structure of SiO2/Al2O3/SiO2, the final minority carrier lifetime reaches 5223 μs at injection of 5×10¹⁵ cm^-3. When it is applied to the passivation of SDD, the leakage current is reduced to the order of nA.     

Quantum Thermalization and Vanishing Thermal Entanglement in the Open Jaynes–Cummings Model

The quantum thermalization of the Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium open-system cases is studied, in which the two subsystems, a two-level system and a single-mode bosonic field, are in contact with either two individual heat baths or a common heat bath. It is found that in the individual heat-bath case, the JC model can only be thermalized when either the two heat baths have the same temperature or the coupling of the JC system to one of the two baths is turned off. In the common heat-bath case, the JC system can be thermalized irrespective of the bath temperature and the system–bath coupling strengths. The thermal entanglement in this system is also studied. A counterintuitive phenomenon of vanishing thermal entanglement in the JC system is found and proved.     

Bang-bang optimal control for the dam problem

The dam problem with general geometry is considered. Fluid is drawn from the bottomS ₁ at a ratek where 0 k N, _{S 1} k M; the objective is to minimize the total pressure of the fluid in the dam. A bang-bang principle is established for any optimal controlk ₀, that is,k ₀ = 0 on a setA andk ₀ =N on the complement setS ₁ A. In the case of a rectangular dam the structure ofA is determined and the uniqueness of the minimizerk ₀ is established.This work is partially supported by National Science Foundation Grants DMS-8501397 and DMS-8420896.     

极大的无k个子集两两不相交的子集系的最小容量

本文从认识村镇建设现状和发展经济与建设的辩证关系入手,把城乡视为一个相互依存、彼此协调的经济、社会体系的思想来研究黑龙江省村镇建设发展战略。本文为黑龙江省的村镇建设(不论在总体布局、或具体目标等方面)指出了明确的发展方向。文章指出:到本世纪末,本省将初步建立起城乡协调发展的城、镇、村完整体系;乡村经济进一步向农工商综合发展;乡村剩余劳力将得到合理转移;乡村人口得到适度集中;村镇建设面貌大为改观;乡村城镇化程度将有明显的提高。