Electrochemical comparison of LiFe<Subscript>0.4</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>0.595</Subscript>Cr<Subscript>0.005</Subscript>PO<Subscript>4</Subscript>/C and LiMnPO<Subscript>4</Subscript>/C cathode materials

A comparison of electrochemical performance between LiFe_0.4Mn_0.595Cr_0.005PO₄/C and LiMnPO₄/C cathode materials was conducted in this paper. The cathode samples were synthesized by a nano-milling-assisted solid-state process using caramel as carbon sources. The prepared samples were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), powder conductivity test (PCT), carbon-sulfur analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling. The results showed that LiFe_0.4Mn_0.595Cr_0.005PO₄/C exhibited high specific capacity and high energy density. The initial discharge capacity of LiFe_0.4Mn_0.595Cr_0.005PO₄/C was 163.6 mAh g^?1 at 0.1C (1C = 160 mA g^?1), compared to 112.3 mAh g^?1 for LiMnPO₄/C. Moreover, the Fe/Cr-substituted sample showed good cycle stability and rate performance. The capacity retention of LiFe_0.4Mn_0.595Cr_0.005PO₄/C was 98.84 % over 100 charge-discharge cycles, while it was only 86.64 % for the pristine LiMnPO₄/C. These results indicated that Fe/Cr substitution enhanced the electronic conductivity for the prepared sample and facilitated the Li⁺ diffusion in the structure. Furthermore, LiFe_0.4Mn_0.595Cr_0.005PO₄/C composite presented high energy density (606 Wh kg^?1) and high power density (574 W kg^?1), thus suggested great potential application in lithium ion batteries (LIBs).     

Regularity and uniqueness of a class of biharmonic map heat flows

We consider a class of weak solutions of the heat flow of biharmonic maps from \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R }^n\) to the unit sphere \(\mathbb{S }^L\subset \mathbb{R }^{L+1}\) , that have small renormalized total energies locally at each interior point. For any such a weak solution, we prove the interior smoothness, and the properties of uniqueness, convexity of hessian energy, and unique limit at \(t=\infty \) . We verify that any weak solution \(u\) to the heat flow of biharmonic maps from \(\Omega \) to a compact Riemannian manifold \(N\) without boundary, with \(\nabla ^2 u\in L^q_tL^p_x\) for some \(p>\frac{n}{2}\) and \(q>2\) satisfying (1.12), has small renormalized total energy locally and hence enjoys both the interior smoothness and uniqueness property. Finally, if an initial data \(u_0\in W^{2,r}(\mathbb{R }^n, N)\) for some \(r>\frac{n}{2}\) , then we establish the local existence of heat flow of biharmonic maps \(u\) , with \(\nabla ^2 u\in L^q_tL^p_x\) for some \(p>\frac{n}{2}\) and \(q>2\) satisfying (1.12).     

High-resolution liquid refractive-index sensor using reflective arrayed-waveguide grating

A high-resolution sensor for measuring the refractive index of liquids using a reflective arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) is proposed. The refractive index of a liquid placed in the groove of the arrayed region is measured via the shift of the maximum intensity in the imaging plane of the AWG owing to the phase change in the region. The refractive index can be monitored in real time by measuring the power ratio between two output waveguides of the AWG with a narrow-band source. A mathematical model based on Fourier optics and wave optics is established. A fitting formula for the relationship between the power ratio and the refractive index of liquid is derived. The results of the study show that the proposed method can eliminate the effects of instability of the light source and the inner loss of the system and provide a refractive index resolution of 10⁻⁷.     

Multiple-bipolar-tap tunable spectrum sliced microwave photonic filter

A spectrum sliced microwave photonic signal processor structure, which is all-fiber based and features simplicity, together with the ability to realize tunability, reconfigurability, bipolar taps, and multiple-tap rf filtering, is presented. It is based on thermally controlled optical slicing filters induced into two linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings. Experimental results demonstrate the realization of versatile microwave photonic filters with frequency tunable, reconfiguration, and bipolar-tap generation capabilities.     

Arbitrated Quantum Signature Scheme with Continuous-Variable Coherent States

Motivated by the revealing features of the continuous-variable (CV) quantum cryptography, we suggest an arbitrated quantum signature (AQS) protocol with CV coherent states. It involves three participants, i.e., the signer Alice, the verifier Bob and the arbitrator Charlie who is trustworthy by Alice and Bob. Three phases initializing phase, signing phase and verifying phase are included in our protocol. The security of the signature scheme is guaranteed by the generation of the shared keys via the CV-based quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) and the implementation process of the CV-based quantum teleportation as well. Security analysis demonstrates that the signature can be neither forged by anyone nor disavowed by the receiver and signer. Moreover, the authenticity and integrality of the transmitted messages can be ensured. The paper shows that a potential high-speed quantum signature scheme with high detection efficiency and repetition rate can be realized when compared to the discrete-variable (DV) quantum signature scheme attributing to the well characteristics of CV-QKD.     

Multi-Party Quantum Private Comparison Protocol with an Almost-Dishonest Third Party using GHZ States

This article proposes an innovative quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol for n users using GHZ states, where an almost-dishonest third party (TP) is introduced to assist the participants for comparing their secrets. It is argued that as compared to the existing QPC protocols our proposed scheme has some considerable advantages. First, in the existing QPC protocols, the TP can only to determine whether all participants’ secrets are equal or not. Instead of that, in our proposed scheme a TP can even compare the secrets between any subsects of users. Second, since our proposed scheme is based on GHZ state; hence it can ensure higher efficiency as compared to other existing multi-party QPC protocols on d-dimension photons.     

Unrelated parallel-machine scheduling with deteriorating maintenance activities to minimize the total completion time

Wang et al. (J Operat Res Soc 62: 1898–1902, 2011) studied the m identical parallel-machine and unrelated parallel-machine scheduling with a deteriorating maintenance activity to minimize the total completion time. They showed that each problem can be solved in O(n ^2m+3) time, where n is the number of jobs. In this note, we discuss the unrelated parallel-machine setting and show that the problem can be optimally solved by a lower order algorithm.     

激光加载下铝材料的冲击温度测量

利用神光Ⅱ装置上搭建的用于激光冲击波实验的温度诊断系统（该系统包括高时空分辨的扫描高温计和谱时分辨的扫描高温计）,以强激光加载铝材料冲击温度的测量,获得了铝材料冲击高温辐射发光谱的高时空分辨信号图像,结合灰体辐射理论模型,计算得到了冲击波速度19.06 km/s时铝材料的冲击温度达2.95 eV,该温度与SESAME库中冲击温度接近。研究结果表明采用该测温系统能够有效诊断金属材料的冲击温度,为后续进一步获取金属材料冲击温度数据奠定了基础。     

介质壁直线加速器加速单元间的电路耦合及解耦

中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所研发的介质壁直线加速器是基于固态脉冲形成线、GaAs光导开关和高梯度绝缘介质壁三项关键技术的新型直线脉冲加速器。在加速器调试阶段,测量出获得加速的质子束流能量远低于预期值,在排除功率源负载能力因素之后,发现脉冲功率源因连接回路引起的电路耦合效应是导致束流能量低的主要原因。基于介质壁直线加速器加速单元放电回路结构的分析,确认了加速单元之间的电路耦合的必然性。并通过测量回路电流,研究了几种不同工作模式下的电路耦合效应。结合电路耦合的特点,给出了两种基于磁芯隔离的解耦方法,并测量了这两种方法的解耦效率。     

介质壁加速腔加速结构优化

为了在介质壁加速器中增大轴向加速电场, 提高加速梯度的同时抑制径向电场对束包络的扩张, 提出了在每个加速电极上添加金属栅网结构。采用基于粒子云网格方法的电磁粒子模拟软件对不加栅网与添加栅网的电极结构进行了数值仿真, 分析了不同结构下加速管道中的电场分布和束包络变化。通过实验对比了两种不同结构下经过相同的加速长度获得的粒子能量。结果表明:添加金属栅网结构相对于不加栅网的金属小孔式结构, 轴向加速电场强度提高20%, 同时径向电场得到有效抑制;栅网结构下, 被加速的粒子束在自由漂移空间中的径向发散基本得到抑制;在相同的加速长度下加速H3+粒子, 栅网结构得到的能量增益提高了一倍。