全文获取类型
收费全文 | 91178篇 |
免费 | 2648篇 |
国内免费 | 2220篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 34178篇 |
晶体学 | 946篇 |
力学 | 7443篇 |
综合类 | 138篇 |
数学 | 33587篇 |
物理学 | 19754篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 308篇 |
2022年 | 390篇 |
2021年 | 457篇 |
2020年 | 585篇 |
2019年 | 573篇 |
2018年 | 10759篇 |
2017年 | 10531篇 |
2016年 | 6627篇 |
2015年 | 1461篇 |
2014年 | 1085篇 |
2013年 | 1334篇 |
2012年 | 4965篇 |
2011年 | 11650篇 |
2010年 | 6477篇 |
2009年 | 6751篇 |
2008年 | 7414篇 |
2007年 | 9531篇 |
2006年 | 981篇 |
2005年 | 1988篇 |
2004年 | 2023篇 |
2003年 | 2417篇 |
2002年 | 1492篇 |
2001年 | 674篇 |
2000年 | 588篇 |
1999年 | 446篇 |
1998年 | 458篇 |
1997年 | 383篇 |
1996年 | 447篇 |
1995年 | 325篇 |
1994年 | 271篇 |
1993年 | 259篇 |
1992年 | 189篇 |
1991年 | 189篇 |
1990年 | 139篇 |
1989年 | 152篇 |
1988年 | 122篇 |
1987年 | 100篇 |
1986年 | 90篇 |
1985年 | 90篇 |
1984年 | 86篇 |
1983年 | 58篇 |
1982年 | 61篇 |
1981年 | 51篇 |
1980年 | 59篇 |
1979年 | 46篇 |
1914年 | 45篇 |
1913年 | 40篇 |
1912年 | 40篇 |
1909年 | 41篇 |
1908年 | 40篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
971.
Spectroscopic infrared ellipsometry was applied to determine the optical constants of thin metal layers deposited on dielectric substrates such as glass or CaF(2). The layers were produced by evaporating gold or silver in a vacuum, and the coverage, that is the deposited mass per area, was chosen in the range 80-1200 mg m(-2) for gold, which refers to thicknesses in the lower nanometer range; in the case of the specifically lighter silver, about half the coverage was applied. At low coverage a metal island structure is obtained, which gives rise to surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA). Depending on the coverage, the deposited films exhibit either dielectric or metallic optical properties. Atomic force microscopy and conductivity measurements complement the spectroscopic observation. 相似文献
972.
钾镁氯化物(硫酸盐)与脲、水体系的溶度研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
报导了KCl-MgCl2-CO(NH2)2-H2O和K2SO4-MgSO4-CO(NH2)2-H2O两个四元体系在25℃时的溶度及其饱和溶液的折光率、密度,相应的溶度图和组成-折光率、组成-密度图.前一体系中形成3个三元化合物:MgCl2·4CO(NH2)2·2H2O、MgCl2·CO(NH2)2·4H2O和KCl·MgCl2·6H2O溶度盐份图由9支共饱线、4个四元无变点组成.四元体系的水量图、性质-组成图有类似的变化.后一体系中有2个异成份溶解化合物MgSO4·CO(NH2)2·2H2O和K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O形成,溶度等温图由7支双饱溶度线、3个四元无变点组成.对两个体系相图的相似性和差异点进行了讨论. 相似文献
973.
四(对—羟基苯基)卟啉过渡金属配合物的合成 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
四(对-羟基苯基)卟啉过渡金属配合物的合成师同顺*柳巍刘国发王杏乔王世颖(吉林大学化学系长春130023)关键词卟啉,过渡金属配合物,合成1997-10-17收稿,1998-03-20修回国家自然科学基金会资助四(对-羟基苯基)卟啉(H2THPP)可... 相似文献
974.
Horseradish peroxidase catalyzed grafting of acrylamide (AM) onto Kevlar fibers has been studied. The modified fiber has been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis and the grafting yield. From the SEM micrographs, the surface of the grafted Kevlar fiber is rougher than that of the untreated fiber, and the elemental analysis indicated that the nitrogen content of the treated fibers is higher than that of the untreated fiber. All the results suggested that AM must have been grafted onto the Kevlar surface through HRP-mediated radical initiated grafting reaction. The probably mechanism of HRP catalyzed grafting of AM onto Kevlar surface is proposed. 相似文献
975.
The interaction between gatifloxacin mesylate (GM) and salmon sperm DNA was studied by fluorescence spectrometry and ultra‐violet (UV) spectrometry. Additions of salmon sperm DNA to GM solution resulted in its strong fluorescence quenching and UV absorbance decrease due to the strong interaction between GM and salmon sperm DNA. Both the maximum fluorescence emission wavelength and the maximum UV absorbance wavelength of GM did not change with the increasing concentration of salmon sperm DNA, indicating no intercalative binding existed between them. The Stern‐Volmer plot indicated that the fluorescence‐quenching constant at different temperatures or different salmon sperm DNA concentration ranges was different. Effects of ionic strength and I? on the fluorescence quenching of GM by salmon sperm DNA indicated that electrostatic interaction and groove binding coexisted between them. 相似文献
976.
An ionic liquid-type carbon paste electrode and its polyoxometalate-modified properties 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hongtao Liu Ping He Zhiying Li Chunyan Sun Lihong Shi Yang Liu Guoyi Zhu Jinghong Li 《Electrochemistry communications》2005,7(12):1357-1363
The replacement of a non-conductive organic binder with a conductive room temperature ionic liquid in fabricating carbon paste electrode has been made. This new electrode due to its enhanced conductivity presented very large current response from electroactive substrates. The novel carbon paste electrode was bulk-modified via the uniform dispersion of Keggin-type phospho polyoxomolybdate (PMo12) in bulky carbons, which possessed excellent electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of nitrite. The pronounced multi-electron catalytic ability was ascribed to the used hydrophobic ionic liquid which constructed an excellent charge-transfer bridge in the bulk of carbon paste electrode, thus facilitated the intake of electrons from reduced PMo12 mediators. In view of their prominent properties, the carbon paste electrode using ionic liquid binder and its bulk-modified electrode take on good prospects of the application in physical chemistry and electroanalytical chemistry fields. 相似文献
977.
聚羟基丁酯酯缓释微球的制备及性能 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
用溶剂蒸发法制备了以新型生物可降解材料聚羟基丁酸酯为载体、以安定为模药的缓释微球,讨论了药物与载体之比对药物含量与包封率的影响,以及制备微球条件对药物释放性能的影响;微球平均粒径为30~40μm,粒径分布在1~1.5之间,最大载药量为19.51%;最高包封率为67.11%;体外累积释放曲线呈“两相”释放特征并拌随初始的“突释效应”。扫描电镜观察微球表面呈皱缩表观形态结构,微球内部横断面具有孔道与孔 相似文献
978.
Novel synthesis of a strained para-cyclophane derivative 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhi Hao Shi Yun Yang Wei 《中国化学快报》2007,18(4):397-399
A [P. Rajakumar, A.M.A. Rasheed, Tetrahedron 61(22) (2005) 5351] para-cyclophane derivative was synthesized via intramolecular esterification of a dipeptide surrogate containing asparagine to form tetrahydropyrimidinone ring. The structures of the product and intermediates were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrum. 相似文献
979.
Santi Tungprapa Tanarinthorn Puangparn Monchawan Weerasombut Ittipol Jangchud Porntiva Fakum Somsak Semongkhol Chidchanok Meechaisue Pitt Supaphol 《Cellulose (London, England)》2007,14(6):563-575
This paper reports an investigation of the effects of solvent system, solution concentration, and applied electrostatic field
strength (EFS) on the morphological appearance and/or size of as-spun cellulose acetate (CA) products. The single-solvent
systems were acetone, chloroform, N,N
-dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH), formic acid, and pyridine. The mixed-solvent systems were
acetone–DMAc, chloroform–MeOH, and DCM–MeOH. Chloroform, DMF, DCM, MeOH, formic acid, and pyridine were able to dissolve CA,
forming clear solutions (at 5% w/v), but electrospinning of these solutions produced mainly discrete beads. In contrast, electrospinning of the solution of
CA in acetone produced short and beaded fibers. At the same solution concentration of 5% (w/v) electrospinning of the CA solutions was improved by addition of MeOH to either chloroform or DCM. For all the solvent systems
investigated smooth fibers were obtained from 16% (w/v) CA solutions in 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 (v/v) acetone–DMAc, 14–20% (w/v) CA solutions in 2:1 (v/v) acetone–DMAc, and 8–12% (w/v) CA solutions in 4:1 (v/v) DCM–MeOH. For the as-spun fibers from CA solutions in acetone–DMAc the average diameter ranged between 0.14 and 0.37 μm
whereas for the fibers from solutions in DCM–MeOH it ranged between 0.48 and 1.58 μm. After submersion in distilled water
for 24 h the as-spun CA fibers swelled appreciably (i.e. from 620 to 1110%) but the physical integrity of the fibrous structure
remained intact. 相似文献
980.
T. Datta Samanta S. Laskar D. Nayak S. Lahiri 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,273(2):323-325
Binding ability of mercury, thallium, lead and bismuth with Erythrina variegata seed protein have been investigated using tracer packet technique. Due to the lack of standard methods, inter-comparisons
have been made among three different approaches, like trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation, isoelectric precipitation
and dialysis of protein after incubation with the metals. Good agreement was observed for all the cases except that of lead. 相似文献