Simultaneous two-way classical communication and measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution on oceanic quantum channels

Simultaneous two-way classical and quantum (STCQ) communication combines both continuous classical coherent optical communication and continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), which eliminates all detection-related imperfections by being measurement-device-independent (MDI). In this paper, we propose a protocol relying on STCQ communication on the oceanic quantum channel, in which the superposition-modulation-based coherent states depend on the information bits of both the secret key and the classical communication ciphertext. We analyse the encoding combination in classical communication and consider the probability distribution transmittance under seawater turbulence with various interference factors. Our numerical simulations of various practical scenarios demonstrate that the proposed protocol can simultaneously enable two-way classical communication and CV-MDI QKD with just a slight performance degradation transmission distance compared to the original CV-MDI QKD scheme. Moreover, the asymmetric situation outperforms the symmetric case in terms of transmission distance and optical modulation variance. We further take into consideration the impact of finite-size effects to illustrate the applicability of the proposed scheme in practical scenarios. The results show the feasibility of the underwater STCQ scheme, which contributes toward developing a global quantum communication network in free space.     

Prospective study on observations of γ-ray sources in the Galaxy using the HADAR experiment

The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation (HADAR) experiment is a refracting terrestrial telescope array based on the atmospheric Cherenkov imaging technique. It focuses the Cherenkov light emitted by extensive air showers through a large aperture water-lens system for observing very-high-energy γ-rays and cosmic rays. With the advantages of a large field-of-view (FOV) and low energy threshold, the HADAR experiment operates in a large-scale sky scanning mode to observe galactic sources. This study presents the prospects of using the HADAR experiment for the sky survey of TeV γ-ray sources from TeVCat and provids a one-year survey of statistical significance. Results from the simulation show that a total of 23 galactic point sources, including five supernova remnant sources and superbubbles, four pulsar wind nebula sources, and 14 unidentified sources, were detected in the HADAR FOV with a significance greater than 5 standard deviations (σ). The statistical significance for the Crab Nebula during one year of operation reached 346.0 σ and the one-year integral sensitivity of HADAR above 1 TeV was ~1.3%–2.4% of the flux from the Crab Nebula.     

初中物理运动观念的内涵分析及培养策略研究

阐述了初中物理中由运动概念向运动观念转变的过程,对运动观念的定义和表现进行了分析.基于初中物理课程标准,将运动观念分解为运动的属性观、运动的描述观、运动的形式观和运动的规律观4个子观念,对每个子观念的内涵及教学策略进行了讨论,提出了通过创设本原性综合问题情境构建学生运动观念的设想.     

Nonideal double-slope effect in organic field-effect transistors

With the development of device engineering and molecular design,organic field effect transistors(OFETs)with high mobility over 10 cm2 V-1-s-1 have been reported.However,the nonideal doubleslope effect has been frequently observed in some of these OFETs,which makes it difficult to extract the intrinsic mobility OFETs accurately,impeding the further application of them.In this review,the origin of the nonideal double-slope effect has been discussed thoroughly,with affecting factors such as contact resistance,charge trapping,disorder effects and coulombic interactions considered.According to these discussions and the understanding of the mechanism behind double-slope effect,several strategies have been proposed to realize ideal OFETs,such as doping,molecular engineering,charge trapping reduction,and contact engineering.After that,some novel devices based on the nonideal double-slope behaviors have been also introduced.     

Constructions of Beyond-Birthday Secure PRFs from Random Permutations,Revisited

In CRYPTO 2019, Chen et al. showed how to construct pseudorandom functions (PRFs) from random permutations (RPs), and they gave one beyond-birthday secure construction from sum of Even-Mansour, namely SoEM22 in the single-key setting. In this paper, we improve their work by proving the multi-key security of SoEM22, and further tweaking SoEM22 but still preserving beyond birthday bound (BBB) security. Furthermore, we use only one random permutation to construct parallelizable and succinct beyond-birthday secure PRFs in the multi-key setting, and then tweak this new construction. Moreover, with a slight modification of our constructions of tweakable PRFs, two parallelizable nonce based MACs for variable length messages are obtained.     

Intrinsic Entropy of Squeezed Quantum Fields and Nonequilibrium Quantum Dynamics of Cosmological Perturbations

Density contrasts in the universe are governed by scalar cosmological perturbations which, when expressed in terms of gauge-invariant variables, contain a classical component from scalar metric perturbations and a quantum component from inflaton field fluctuations. It has long been known that the effect of cosmological expansion on a quantum field amounts to squeezing. Thus, the entropy of cosmological perturbations can be studied by treating them in the framework of squeezed quantum systems. Entropy of a free quantum field is a seemingly simple yet subtle issue. In this paper, different from previous treatments, we tackle this issue with a fully developed nonequilibrium quantum field theory formalism for such systems. We compute the covariance matrix elements of the parametric quantum field and solve for the evolution of the density matrix elements and the Wigner functions, and, from them, derive the von Neumann entropy. We then show explicitly why the entropy for the squeezed yet closed system is zero, but is proportional to the particle number produced upon coarse-graining out the correlation between the particle pairs. We also construct the bridge between our quantum field-theoretic results and those using the probability distribution of classical stochastic fields by earlier authors, preserving some important quantum properties, such as entanglement and coherence, of the quantum field.     

两相流有限穿越可视图演化动力学研究

针对小管径两相流流动特性, 全新优化设计弧形对壁式电导传感器. 通过动态实验在获取传感器测量信号的基础上, 采用有限穿越可视图理论构建对应于不同流型的两相流复杂网络. 通过分析发现, 有限穿越可视图网络异速生长指数和网络平均度值的联合分布可实现对小管径两相流的流型辨识; 有限穿越可视图度分布曲线峰值可有效刻画与泡径大小分布相关的流动物理结构细节特征; 网络平均度值可表征流动结构的宏观特性; 网络异速生长指数对流体动力学复杂性十分敏感, 可揭示不同流型演化过程中的细节演化动力学特性. 两相流测量信号的有限穿越可视图分析为揭示两相流流型的形成及演化动力学机理提供了新途径. 关键词： 两相流 复杂网络 有限穿越可视图 网络异速生长指数     

水体重金属激光诱导击穿光谱定量分析方法对比研究

建立了适用于激光诱导击穿光谱探测的多元线性回归、神经网络回归和支持向量机回归三种定量反演算法模型, 以水体重金属Ni为例进行了回归实验测试和对比分析. 多元线性回归、神经网络回归和支持向量机回归的平均相对标准偏差分别为7.60%, 4.86%, 2.35%; 最大相对标准偏差分别为23.35%, 15.20%, 8.29%; 平均相对误差分别为25.98%, 10.58%, 2.72%, 最大相对误差分别为116.47%, 47.38%, 9.89%. 研究为进一步实现水中痕量金属元素的快速定量分析提供了方法和数据参考. 关键词： 光谱学 激光诱导击穿光谱 支持向量机回归 重金属     

基于超声分子束和普通充气的聚变等离子体密度反馈实验研究

本文介绍了全超导托卡马克装置EAST实验中等离子体密度反馈的方法和结果. EAST密度反馈采用普通充气 (gas puffing) 和超声分子束 (supersonic molecule beam injection, SMBI) 在放电过程中反馈进气, 获得稳定、预期的等离子体密度. 典型的一天放电实验中, 每次放电的充气量和壁滞留的变化可分为两个阶段: 第一阶段为初始约20次放电, 该阶段充气量非常高且呈指数趋势下降, 粒子滞留率为80%–90%, 壁滞留迅速上升. 第二阶段为随后的约50次放电, 该阶段充气量较小且保持稳定, 粒子滞留率为50%–70%, 壁滞留缓慢上升. SMBI的加料效率为15%–30%, 延迟时间小于5 ms. 因此使用SMBI 进行密度反馈效果优于gas puffing反馈, 相同条件下前者充气量较后者减少了～ 30%, 壁滞留减少了～ 40%, 再循环系数也相应减少. gas puffing反馈时, 采用脉宽调制模式效果优于脉幅调制模式. SMBI密度反馈可以作为未来EAST长脉冲高参数放电的主要手段之一. 关键词： 密度反馈 超声分子束 再循环 壁滞留     

氧化锌锡作为电子传输层的量子点发光二极管

本文研究了以胶状量子点作为发光层和有机/无机混合材料作 为电子-空穴传输层的电致发光二极管器件. CdSe 量子点以薄膜的形式夹在无机氧化锌锡电子传输层和有机TPD空穴传输层中间构成三明治结构. 氧化锌锡电子传输层采用磁控溅射实现, 有机TPD空穴传输层和量子点发光层则采用旋涂的方法制备, 得到的QD-LEDs器件结构界面陡峭、表面平整. 光电特性表征结果显示器件的电致发光具有良好的单色性、低的开启电压, 利 用具有高电子迁移率和低载流子浓度的无机氧化锌锡薄膜作为电子传输层可 以实现器件在大气环境下稳定、明亮的电致发光. 本文分析了器件的工作机理并通过改变氧化锌锡的电导率达到控制器件中电子和空穴的注入比的目的, 优化了器件的光电性能. 关键词： 量子点 氧化锌锡 电致发光 电子传输层