Solving of second order nonlinear PDE problems by using artificial controls with controlled error

In this paper, we find the approximate solution of a second order nonlinear partial differential equation on a simple connected region inR ². We transfer this problem to a new problem of second order nonlinear partial differential equation on a rectangle. Then, we transformed the later one to an equivalent optimization problem. Then we consider the optimization problem as a distributed parameter system with artificial controls. Finally, by using the theory of measure, we obtain the approximate solution of the original problem. In this paper also the global error inL ₁ is controlled.     

Nonlocality of Reaction-Diffusion Equations Induced by Delay: Biological Modeling and Nonlinear Dynamics

We present a short survey on the biological modeling, dynamics analysis, and numerical simulation of nonlocal spatial effects, induced by time delays, in diffusion models for a single species confined to either a finite or an infinite domain. The nonlocality, a weighted average in space, arises when account is taken of the fact that individuals have been at different points in space at previous times. We discuss and compare two existing approaches to correctly derive the spatial averaging kernels, and we summarize some of the recent developments in both qualitative and numerical analysis of the nonlinear dynamics, including the existence, uniqueness (up to a translation), and stability of traveling wave fronts and periodic spatio-temporal patterns of the model equations in unbounded domains and the linear stability, boundedness, global convergence of solutions and bifurcations of the model equations in finite domains.     

On p-Extensions of Fields of Characteristic p

It is proved that a Galois extension of a field of characteristic p is completely determined by its Galois group and the endomorphism of the additive group of the group algebra that corresponds to the raising to the power p.     

Generalized Artin–Hasse and Iwasawa Formulas for the Hilbert Symbol in a High-Dimensional Local Field

The generalized Hilbert symbol in a cyclotomic extension of an absolutely unramified higher local field of characteristic 0 with a perfect last residue field of characteristic p > 2 is considered. Generalized Artin–Hasse and Iwasawa formulas are derived from an explicit Kummer Type Vostokov formula. Bibliography: 13 titles.     

Discrete mathematics in primary and secondary schools in the United States

This article provides a status report on discrete mathematics in America's schools, including an overview of publications and programs that have had major impact. It discusses why discrete mathematics should be introduced in the schools and the authors' efforts to advocate, facilitate, and support the adoption of discrete mathematics topics in the schools. Their perspective is that discrete mathematics should be viewed not only as a collection of new and interesting mathematical topics, but, more importantly, as a vehicle for providing teachers with a new way to think about traditional mathematical topics and new strategies for engaging their students in the study of mathematics.     

Numerical Modeling of Solitons in a Low Birefringent Optical Fiber

A numerical investigation, based on the split-step Fourier transform algorithm of all optical switching of solitons in a low birefringent optical fiber is presented. The numerical algorithm is described in detail. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.