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11.
Chen Hou Chunnuan Ji Chunhua Wang Rongjun Qu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(1):226-231
The reverse atom‐transfer radical polymerization (RATRP) technique using CuCl2/2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy) complex as a catalyst was applied to the living radical polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN). A hexasubstituted ethane thermal iniferter, diethyl 2,3‐dicyano‐2,3‐diphenylsuccinate (DCDPS), was firstly used as the initiator in this copper‐based RATRP initiation system. A CuCl2 to bipy ratio of 0.5 not only gives the best control of molecular weight and its distribution, but also provides rather rapid reaction rate. The rate of polymerization increases with increasing the polymerization temperature, and the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 57.4 kJ mol?1. Because the polymers obtained were end‐functionalized by chlorine atoms, they were used as macroinitiators to proceed the chain extension polymerization in the presence of CuCl/bipy catalyst system via a conventional ATRP process. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 226–231, 2006 相似文献
12.
Chen Hou Rongjun Qu Chunnuan Ji Chunhua Wang Chengguo Wang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(1):219-225
FeCl3 coordinated by isophthalic acid was first used as a catalyst in the azobisisobutyronitrile‐initiated reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of acrylonitrile. N,N‐Dimethylformamide was used as a solvent to improve the solubility of the ligand. An FeCl3‐to‐isophthalic acid ratio of 0.5 not only gave the best control of the molecular weight and its distribution but also provided rather a rapid reaction rate. The effects of different solvents on the polymerization of acrylonitrile were also investigated. The rate of the polymerization in N,N‐dimethylformamide was faster than that in propylene carbonate and toluene. The molecular weight of polyacrylonitrile agreed reasonably well with the theoretical molecular weight in N,N‐dimethylformamide. The rate of polymerization increased with increasing polymerization temperature, and the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 59.9 kJ mol?1. Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization was first used to successfully synthesize acrylonitrile polymers with a molecular weight higher than 80,000 and a narrow polydispersity as low as 1.22. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 219–225, 2006 相似文献
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本文介绍了一种新的自动调焦方法准直小孔法.对自动调焦的原理和后继电路处理方法作了详细的分析.它具有响应时间短、灵敏度高,能够很好的在激光直接写入系统中克服物镜工作台运动中导轨的不平和轴向窜动所造成的离焦。 相似文献
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Chemically modified electrodes prepared by treating the cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin modified glassy-carbon electrode at 750 degrees (HCME) are shown to catalyze the electrooxidation of hydrazine. The oxidation occurred at +0.63 V vs. Ag/AgCl (saturated potassium chloride) in pH 2.5 media. The catalytic response is evaluated with respect to solution pH, potential scan-rate, concentration dependence and flow-rate. The catalytic stability of the HCME is compared with that of the cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin adsorbed glassy-carbon electrode. The stability of the HCME was excellent in acidic solution and even in solutions containing organic solvent (50% CH(3)OH). When used as the sensing electrode in amperometric detection in flow-injection analysis, the HCME permitted sensitive detection of hydrazine at 0.5 V. The limit of detection was 0.1 ng. The linear range was from 50 ng to 2.4 mug. The method is very sensitive and selective. 相似文献
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A direct and efficient method for the conversion of alkyl aryl ketones to imidazo[1,2‐α]pyridines has been developed based on initial formation of α‐organosulfonyloxy ketones and their subsequent cyclocondensation by 2‐aminopyridines in one‐pot conditions. 相似文献
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Reaction of copper powder with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone and PPh3 yielded the complex [Cu(C8H4O2F3S)(PPh3)2], which have been characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P21/n , a=1.0584(1), b=1.6738(1), c=2.2728(9) nm; β =94.22(2); V =4.0152 nm 3; Z=4; Dc=1.299 g·cm-3; R=0.048, RW=0.054. Copper (Ⅰ) ion is coordinated by two O and two P atoms forming distorted tetrahedron. 相似文献
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Huang F Hou L Wu H Wang X Shen H Cao W Yang W Cao Y 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(31):9845-9853
A series of aminoalkyl-substituted polyfluorene copolymers with benzothiadiazole (BTDZ) of different content were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction, and their quaternized ammonium polyelectrolyte derivatives were obtained through a postpolymerization treatment on the terminal amino groups. Copolymers are soluble in environmentally friendlier solvents, such as alcohols. It was found that the efficient energy transfer occurs by exciton trapping on the narrow band gap BTDZ site under UV illumination. Only 1% of BTDZ content is needed to completely quench a fluorene emission for both the neutral and the quaternized copolymers in the neat film. Absolute PL efficiencies of copolymer films were greatly enhanced as a result of the suppression of excimer formation. Light-emitting devices fabricated from these copolymers show high external quantum efficiencies over 3% and 1% for the neutral precursor and the quaternized copolymers, respectively, with high work function metals such as Al as a cathode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on an electroluminescent polymer which bears the high EL efficiency, the electron-injection ability from high work function metals, and the solubility in environment-friendly solvents at the same time. These features make them a promising candidate for the next generation of light-emitting copolymers in PLED flat panel display application. 相似文献