Normal coordinate ab initio force relaxation

A procedure for optimization of molecular geometries is presented, combining ab initio calculations with vibrational molecular data from spectroscopy or empirical force fields. Theoretical cartesian forces are transformed to vibrational normal coordinate forces from which geometry increments are calculated. Test results indicate that the method saves considerable effort compared to other optimization schemes.     

Ein Automatisiertes Mess-System für die Ge(Li)-Gammaspektrometrie

An automated off-line Ge(Li)-spectrometer is described. Its special features are a sample changer with rotating disk store and pneumatic tube, a self-controlling source—detector distance and an autonomous control programmed by cable connections or by punched tape via a central control unit. The system is meant to do complex routine work in activity supervision and activation analysis.     

Reagents for new heteroannelation reactions III. 2-(Methylthio)-2-thiazoline

Summary A variety of partly novel tri- and tetracyclic hetero systems were obtained by reaction of heteroaromatic 2-aminoesters with 2-(methylthio)-2-thiazoline, yielding double-annelation of a thiazolo[2,3-b]pyrimido moiety in a one-pot process.On leave from University of Chittagong, Bangladesh     

Komplexometrische Folgetitrationen von Eisen und Nickel sowie Kupfer und Nickel imμg-Bereich

Zusammenfassung Eine quantitative Bestimmungsmethode für Mikromengen Eisen und Nickel sowie Kupfer und Nickel, wie sie in Legierungen, Oxidgemischen und galvanischen Bädern vorkommen, wurde beschrieben. Die Metalle werden komplexometrisch mit ÄDTA und Kupferstandardlösung unter Verwendung einer kupferionensensitiven Elektrode und potentiometrischer Äquivalenzpunktindikation bestimmt. Eisen bzw. Kupfer werden direkt mit ÄDTA titriert, das Nickel dann in der gleichen Lösung durch Rücktitration des überschüssigen ÄDTA mit Kupferstandardlösung bestimmt.Die relativen Standardabweichungen der Bestimmungen liegen für Eisen bei ±(0,6 bis 1,2)%, für Kupfer bei ±(0,4 bis 0,8)% und für Nickel bei ±(0,6 bis 1,2)% jeweils für den Bereich von 800g bis 25g Metall. Unter den gewählten Bedingungen lassen sich mit dem Verfahren noch 25g Eisen, Kupfer bzw. Nickel bestimmen.

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Complexometric sequential titrations of iron and nickel as well as copper and nickel in theg range

Summary A quantitative assay method was described for microamounts of iron and nickel such as occur in alloys, oxide mixtures and galvanic baths. The metals were determined complexometrically with EDTA and standard copper solution using an electrode sensitive to copper ions and potentiometric indication of the equivalence point. Iron and copper were titrated directly with EDTA, and nickel then determined in the same solution by back-titration of the excess EDTA with standard copper solution.The relative standard deviations of the assays are ±(0.6–1.2)% for iron, at ±(0.4–0.8)% for copper, and at ±(0.6–12.2)% for nickel for the range from 800–25g metal respectively. Under the conditions chosen, 25g of iron, copper or nickel can be determined using the procedure.

     

Dual-label autoradiographic analysis of human skin fibroblast and myoblast proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using immobilised pH gradients in the first dimension

Horizontal two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with immobilised pH gradients in the first dimension has been applied to the analysis of human skin fibroblast and muscle myoblast total cell proteins. Excellent two-dimensional separations of skin fibroblast proteins were obtained using pH 4-10 immobilised pH gradient gels with a long interelectrode distance (16 cm), but resolution was degraded, particularly of the more acidic proteins, by the use of shorter (10 cm) gels. Improved resolution of acidic and basic proteins was obtained using separate pH 4-7 and pH 7-10 immobilised pH gradient gels respectively in the first dimension. Two-dimensional protein maps of skin fibroblast proteins were visualised both by silver staining and by autoradiography of samples labelled synthetically with [35S]methionine. Horizontal two-dimensional electrophoresis, using pH 4-7 and pH 7-10 immobilised pH gradient gels in the first dimension, was applied to the analysis of protein samples from skin fibroblasts and muscle myoblasts dual-labelled synthetically with [35S]methionine and [75Se]selenomethionine in an attempt to identify sets of proteins specific to each cell type. In addition, two-dimensional maps or protein samples derived from normal individuals and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were compared to search for protein changes associated with the disease state. Although sets of qualitative protein spot differences were observed by visual inspection of the two-dimensional gels, more rigorous qualitative and quantitative analysis of the patterns using a computerised analysis system will be required to obtain the maximum amount of information from these data.     

Synthesis and structure of a stabilized 10-membered cyclic enediyne

The synthesis and structure of an acetal protected 10-membered cyclic enediyne-1,2-diol rac-10 is reported. The conformational constrain of the unsaturated macrocycle by the acetal protection group prevents the thermal cyclization reaction of the endiyne during synthesis and purification.     

Rotational fluctuations of water inside the nanopores of SBA-type molecular sieves

The rotational molecular dynamics of water confined to nanoporous molecular sieves of a regular hexagonal (SBA-15) and of a foamlike pore structure was studied by dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range from 10(-2) to 10(9) Hz and in a broad temperature interval. Two relaxation processes were observed: the process at lower frequencies is related to water molecules forming a layer, which is strongly adsorbed at the pore surface, whereas the relaxation process at higher frequencies is assigned to fluctuations of water molecules situated close to the center of the pore. The relaxation times of the low-frequency process for both materials and of the high-frequency process for the SBA-15 material have an unusual saddlelike temperature dependence, reported here for the first time. To describe this temperature dependence, a model developed for water confined to nanoporous glasses by Ryabov et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 1845] was applied, which considers two competing effects. The characteristic features of these two competing processes were compared with those reported for other porous systems.     

Application of main component fraction collection method for purification of compound libraries

In order to support high-throughput library purification, a novel UV triggered fraction collection method was developed in which a maximum-seeking-algorithm-driven, six-port valve collects the largest chromatographic peak. This straightforward strategy achieves the one sample-one fraction approach, thus resulting in a simpler and less error prone workup procedure. The effectiveness of this main component fraction collection method will be illustrated here by the results of the purification of compound libraries (altogether 6086 compounds, having an averaged success rate of 79.4%). Advanced applications, where the desired component differs from the main component, will also be discussed.     

The effects of oxygenation on the optical properties of dimethyl-dithienothiophenes: comparison between experiments and first-principles calculations

Modifications of the optical properties of dimethyl-dithienothiophenes due to the oxygen functionalization of the central sulfur atom are investigated. We have measured the absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation spectra, the PL quantum efficiencies, and the PL decay times. These experimental results are interpreted and compared with first-principles time-dependent density-functional theory calculations, which predict, for the considered systems, excitation and emission energies with an accuracy of 0.1 eV. It is found that the oxygenation strongly changes optical and photophysical properties. These effects are related to the modifications of the energetically lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital and the energetically second highest occupied one, which change the relative position of the two lowest singlet and triplet excited states.