部分还原二氧化钛的NMR和EPR研究

Partially reduced TiO₂ nanomaterials have attracted significant interest because of their visible-light activity for catalysis and photodegradation. Herein, we prepared a partially reduced anatase TiO₂ (Re-A-TiO₂) nanoparticle material using a fast combustion method, demonstrating good activity toward decomposing methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The surface structure of the prepared material, after being surface-selectively ¹⁷O-labeled with H₂¹⁷O (¹⁷O-enriched water), was studied via ¹⁷O and ¹H solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and the obtained results were compared to those of non-reduced anatase TiO₂ (A-TiO₂). The EPR results showed that the concentrations of paramagnetic species (i.e., oxygen vacancies (OV) and Ti³⁺) in Re-A-TiO₂ were much higher than that in A-TiO₂, while the former was associated with a higher OV/Ti³⁺ ratio. The intensities of the EPR signals were significantly affected by the adsorbed water, and this phenomenon was explored in combination with ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The ¹H species on Re-A-TiO₂ appeared at larger chemical shifts, denoting the increased acidity of the sample, and these ¹H species on Re-A-TiO₂ were more difficult to remove than those on A-TiO₂. On the other hand, different features were observed for the signals arising from the two-coordinated oxygen atoms (μ₂-O) in ¹⁷O NMR, suggesting a typical anatase TiO₂(101) surface on A-TiO₂, but a more complex surface environment for Re-A-TiO₂. Furthermore, a larger amount of hydroxyl groups (OH) were observed on Re-A-TiO₂ compared to that on A-TiO₂, indicating a larger proportion of exposed (001) facets on Re-A-TiO₂. However, the μ₂-O signals broadened and became similar when the drying temperature was increased to 100 ℃, indicating a non-faceted anatase TiO₂ surface in such conditions. Based on the EPR and NMR results, a significant fraction of the OH species is believed to be formed from the reaction of the paramagnetic centers and adsorbed water molecules. The ¹H→¹⁷O cross polarization (CP) MAS and two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (2D HETCOR) NMR spectra were used to verify the spatial proximity of the hydrogen and oxygen species, confirming the spectral assignments of a strongly adsorbed water and one type of surface OH species. In particular, the ¹H NMR signals at approximately 11 ppm were ascribed to the hydrogen species in the intramolecular hydrogen bond. In summary, this study investigated the paramagnetic species and surface structure of anatase TiO₂ materials by combining EPR along with ¹H and ¹⁷O solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The differences in the surface structures of Re-A-TiO₂ and A-TiO₂ should be closely related to their different properties toward the photodegradation of methyl orange.     

一个各向异性磁稀释杂化钙钛矿系列[CH3NH3][CoxZn1-x(HCOO)3]

Inorganic-organic or hybrid perovskite materials, which are the complementary counterparts of pure inorganic perovskites, can provide many new opportunities in the researches of phase transitions, critical phenomena, and relevant properties, as they combine the characteristics of inorganic and organic components. Therefore, the hybrid perovskites of ammonium metal formate framework are very promising, and their properties have been found to be strongly dependent on the characteristics of the constituent metal ions and/or ammonium ions. Herein, we used solid solution strategies, borrowed from solid state chemistry, to investigate the anisotropic diluted magnetic hybrid perovskite system of [CH₃NH₃][Co_xZn_1-x(HCOO)₃], wherein the B-sites are occupied by the mixed metal ions of Co²⁺ and Zn²⁺. The solid solution compounds of this series in the range x = 0–1 (or the molar percent Co% = 0–100%) were successfully prepared using conventional solution chemistry methods. The resulting compounds were demonstrated to be iso-structural by using both single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analyses. The solid solution crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group Pnma, with the cell parameters being a = 8.3015(2)–8.3207(3) Å, b = 11.6574(4)–11.6811(5) Å, c = 8.1315(3)–8.1427(4) Å, and V = 787.89(5)–790.98(7) ų. The perovskite structure consists of a simple cubic anionic metal-formate framework and CH₃NH₃⁺ cations which are located in the framework cavities, with N―H···O hydrogen bonds formed between the framework and the cation. The members of this series showed negligible changes (< 0.4%) in their respective lattice and structural parameters. Thus, the prepared solid solution compounds constitute good molecule-based examples for the study of magnetic dilution under almost the same structural parameters and molecular geometries. Upon dilution, the magnetization per mole of Co at low temperatures and low fields was suppressed by the magnetic anisotropy of Co²⁺ and gradual destruction of the large spin canting between coupled Co²⁺ ions, in contrast to the magnetization enhancement observed in the isotropic diluted system of [CH₃NH₃][Mn_xZn_1-x(HCOO)₃] with the same perovskite structure. The percolation limit was estimated as (Co%)_P = 27(1)% (or x_P = 0.27(1)) from the magnetic data, which was slightly lower than that predicted by the percolation theory for a simple cubic lattice (31%); this trend was due to the strong magnetic anisotropy of the present system. In addition, rare incommensurate phase transitions were primarily detected below ~120 K for the pure Co and Zn members, which may also affect the magnetic properties of the materials.     

基于S-型光催化机制CuInS2内嵌中空凹面氮化碳光催化分解H2O制H2（英文）

光催化解离H2O合成H2是绿色可再生的太阳能光子能量转换策略之一.目前,增强光催化材料对太阳能光子的捕获并将之有效利用仍然是一个具有挑战性的课题.光催化解离H2O反应包括三个过程:太阳能光子能量促使光生电子在半导体材料带隙中的跃迁;光生电子定向传输;光生电子与吸附在半导体材料表面的H2O分子发生反应.第一过程需要强的太阳光子捕获能力以产生足够的光生载流子;第二、三过程在动力学上反映了光生载流子在各个竞争过程中能否有效利用的问题,如光生电子迁移与H2O作用的速度很慢(~μs),而电子与空穴的复合速度快(~ps).目前研究者很难协调半导体材料的电学和光学特性以满足光生载流子在热力学和动力学两方面的要求.g-C3N4是由C、N原子通过sp2杂化组成的二维π共轭体系.当g-C3N4结构偏离二维平面时,共轭体系的π电子由凹面迁移到凸面,促使凹、凸面形成表观电势差,有利于电子的定向传输.本文通过卷曲sp2杂化离域均三嗪体系偏离二维平面,得到空心凹面g-C3N4结构,便捷地优化了半导体的电子结构.将CuInS2嵌入生长于空心g-C3N4的凹面,所构成的半导体光催化材料CuInS2@C3N4展现了增强的光捕获能力,以及电子定向传输转移能力.结合XPS、光电流测试、电化学阻抗谱、稳态及瞬态荧光等表征手段揭示空心g-C3N4凹、凸面表观电势差驱动光生电子以S-型光催化作用机制从CuInS2的Cu 2p向g-C3N4的N 1s的路径转移.因而,所构建的CuInS2@C3N4在可见光激发下产氢效率提高到373μmol·h^?1·g^?1,其产氢效率分别是二维平面g-C3N4负载1 wt%Pt和3 wt%Pd效率的1.57倍和1.35倍,表明空心g-C3N4凹、凸面电势差可以显著地促进光生电子分离和利用率,从而提高光催化解离水制氢效率.本文可增强g-C3N4的可持续太阳能转换性能,也适用于其他半导体材料以替代贵金属光催化体系,降低光催化产氢技术成本,促进光催化技术的应用.     

Hybrid Copolymerization via the Combination of Proton Transfer and Ring-opening Polymerization

Phosphazene base,t-BuP2,was employed to catalyze the proton transfer polymerization(PTP)of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate(HEA),and PTP was further combined with ring-opening polymerization(ROP)to exploit a new type of hybrid copolymerization.The studies on homopolymerization showed that t-BuP2 was a particularly efficient catalyst for the polymerization of HEA at room temperature,giving an excellent monomer conversion.Throughout the polymerization,transesterification reactions were unavoidable,which increased the randomness in the structures of the resulting polymers.The studies on copolymerization showed that t-BuP2 could simultaneously catalyze the hybrid copolymerization via the combination of PTP and ROP at 25°C.During copolymerization,HEA not only provided hydroxyl groups to initiate the ROP ofε-caprolactone(CL)but also participated in the polymerization as a monomer for PTP.The copolymer composition was approximately equal to the feed ratio,demonstrating the possibility to adjust the polymeric structure by simply changing the monomer feed ratio.This copolymerization reaction provides a simple method for synthesizing degradable functional copolymers from commercially available materials.Hence,it is important not only in polymer chemistry but also in environmental and biomedical engineering.     

高稳定性水系锌离子电池正极材料MnO2@MgO的制备与性能

采用共沉淀法和热分解法合成了具有核壳结构的MnO2@MgO微球。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对材料进行表征,结果发现包覆MgO不改变MnO2的结构,包覆层由纳米颗粒组成,厚度约为50 nm。电化学性能结果显示,包覆后材料的放电比容量明显提高,在100 mA·g^-1电流密度下,最大放电比容量为274.3 mAh·g^-1,比未包覆材料提高了12.8%。在1000 mA·g^-1电流密度下经过500次循环后,包覆后材料的放电比容量保持率高达84.1%,表现出优异的循环稳定性。MgO包覆层的存在避免了MnO2与电解液之间直接接触,抑制了电极材料在充放电过程中锰的溶解,从而显著提高MnO2的循环性能。     

REAL‐t1, an Effective Approach for t1‐Noise Suppression in NMR Spectroscopy Based on Resampling Algorithm

Summaryof main observation and conclusionIn multidimensional(nD)NMR spectroscopy,t1noise usually appears as ridges along indirect dimen-sions,and affects observation of weak signals.The main source of t1noise is instrumental instability,which causes random variation of FID amplitude during data acquisitions and introduces random noise-like peaks into spectrum after Fourier transformation.A number of efforts have been devoted,in order to develop new method or to improve existing approaches for suppressing t1noise.Herein,we propose a novel t1noise suppression method based on resampling algorithm for data processing,shortenedas REAL-t1.The method was verified using simulated 2D spectra,and NOESY spectra of sucrose and protein GB1,showing that the spectral quality was improved in all cases.The performance of REAL-t1was also compared with another recently pro-posed method,which showed that these two methods provided similar performance while REAL-t1cost much shorter experimental time.     

Synthesis of CF2H‐Containing Oxime Ethers Derivatives from ClCF2H,tert‐Butyl Nitrile and Indoles

Summaryof main observation and conclusion A new and intriguing methodology to access various O-difluoromethylation oxime compounds from CICF2H,TBN and indoles is developed under mild reaction conditions.This strategy can suppress N-difluoromethylation of indoles successfully,in which there are two different active species(:CF2and·NO)while indoles are unprotected,featuringsimple operation and radical involvement.     

Strong and Superhydrophobic Wood with Aligned Cellulose Nanofibers as a Waterproof Structural Material†

Lightweight structural materials are important for the energy efficiency of applications, particularly those in the building sector. Here, inspired by nature, we developed a strong, superhydrophobic, yet lightweight material by simple in situ growth of nano‐SiO₂ and subsequent densification of the wood substrate. In situ generation of SiO₂ nanoparticles both inside the wood channels and on the wood surfaces gives the material superhydrophobicity, with static and dynamic contact angles of 159.4^o and 3^o, respectively. Densification of the wood to remove most of the spaces among the lumen and cell walls results in a laminated, dense structure, with aligned cellulose nanofibers, which in turn contributes to a high mechanical strength up to 384.2 MPa (7‐times higher than natural wood). Such treatment enables the strong and superhydrophobic wood (SH‐Wood) to be stable and have excellent water, acid, and alkaline resistance. The high mechanical strength of SH‐Wood combined with its excellent structural stability in harsh environments, as well its low density, positions the strong and superhydrophobic wood as a promising candidate for strong, lightweight, and durable structural materials that could potentially replace steel.     

Synthesis of core-shell structured Au@Bi2S3 nanorod and its application as DNA immobilization matrix for electrochemical biosensor construction

The core-shell structured Au@Bi2S3 nanorods have been prepared through direct in-situ growth of Bi2S3 at the surface of pre-synthesized gold nanorods.The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Then the obtained Au@Bi2S3 nanorods were coated onto glassy carbon electrode to act as a scaffold for fabrication of electrochemical DNA biosensor on the basis of the coordination of-NH2 modified on 5’-end of probe DNA and Au@Bi2S3.Electrochemical characterization assays demonstrate that the Au@Bi2S3 nanorods behave as an excellent electronic transport channel to promote the electron transfer kinetics and increase the effective surface area by their nanosize effect.The hybridization experiments reveal that the Au@Bi2S3 matrix-based DNA biosensor is capable of recognizing complementary DNA over a wide concentration ranging from 10 fmol/L to 1 nmol/L.The limit of detection was estimated to be 2 fmol/L(S/N=3).The biosensor also presents remarkable selectivity to distinguish fully complementa ry sequences from basemismatched and non-complementary ones,showing great promising in practical application.     

Synthesis of carbon dots with a tunable photoluminescence and their applications for the detection of acetone and hydrogen peroxide

Carbon dots(CDs) with multi-color emissive properties and a high photoluminescent quantum yield(PLQY) have attracted great attention recently due to their potential applications in chemical,environmental,biological and photo-electronic fields.Solvent-dependent effect in photoluminescence provides a facial and effective approach to tune the emission of CDs.In this study,green emissive nitrogen-doped carbon dots(N-CDs) are synthesized from p-hydroquinone and ethylenediamine through a simple hydrothermal method.The as-prepared N-CDs possess a robust excitation-independent green luminescence and a high PLQY of up to 15.9%.Further spectroscopic characterization indicates that the high PLQY is achieved by the balance of nitrogen doping states and the surface passivation extent in CDs.The N-CDs also exhibit solvent-dependent multi-color emissive property and distinct PLQY in different solvents(the maximum can reach up to 25.3%).Furthermore,the as-prepared N-CDs are applied as fluorescence probes to detect acetone and H2O2 in water.This method has exhibited a low detection limit of acetone(less than 0.1 %) and a quick and linear response to the H_2O_2 with the concentration from 0 to 120 μmol/L.This work broadens the knowledge of applying CDs as probes in the bio and chemical sensing fields.