A simplified mathematical study of thermochemical preparation of particle oxide under counterflow configuration for use in biomedical applications

This study mathematically presents a counterflow non-premixed thermochemical technique for preparing a particle oxide used for cancer diagnosis and treatment. For this purpose, preheating, reaction, melting, and oxidation processes were simulated considering an asymptotic concept. Mass and energy conservation equations in dimensional and non-dimensional forms were solved using MATLAB^®. To preserve the continuity in the system and calculate the locations of melting and flame fronts, promising jump conditions were derived. In this research, variations in flame temperature, flame front location and mass fractions of the particle, particle oxide and oxidizer, with position, Lewis number and initial temperature of the particles were investigated. The simulation results were compared with those obtained from an earlier experimental study under the same conditions. Regarding the comparison, an appropriate compatibility was observed between the results. Based on the simulation results, flame temperature was found to be about 1310 K. Positions of flame and melting fronts were found to be ??1.8 mm and ??1.78 mm, respectively.

     

Analysis of unsteady mixed convection of Cu–water nanofluid in an oscillatory,lid-driven enclosure using lattice Boltzmann method

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The unsteady physics of laminar mixed convection in a lid-driven enclosure filled with Cu–water nanofluid is numerically investigated. The top...     

Effects of nanofluid and radiative heat transfer on the double-diffusive forced convection in microreactors

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Understanding transport phenomena in microreactors remains challenging owing to the peculiar transfer features of microstructure devices and their...     

Performance of tubular aluminum foam heat exchangers in multiple row bundles

Two sets of aluminum foam cylinders, 5 and 15 mm thick, are being tested in two-row and three-row bundles for their thermo-hydraulic performance. The bundles are formed using fixed transversal and longitudinal pitch distances and subject to airflow between 0.5 and 5.0 at 0.5 m s^?1 interval under cross-flow. The effects of foam layer thickness and the number of row under staggered configuration are investigated. Thermo-hydraulic results are benchmarking against those of a conventional finned tube bundle of similar dimensions with pre-determined number of fins and assembled using the same pitch distances.

     

Validation of Reference Genes for Silver Nanotoxicity Analysis in MCF-7 Cell Line

Following the increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the growing exposure to these particles, nanotoxicity has become a general concern among researchers around the world. Although quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) is the technique of choice in genotoxicity assessment, use of unconfirmed reference genes could result in data misinterpretation. GeNorm and NormFinder algorithms assist in the selection of appropriate reference genes in RT-qPCR expression analysis. Using these two algorithms, here, the stability of six reference genes’ expression including GAPDH, ACTB, UBC, TBP, HPRT-1 and YWHAZ was evaluated in MCF-7 cells treated with different concentrations (under IC50 estimated by MTT assay) of AgNP. results showed that cytotoxicity can occur in a dose dependent fashion in MCF-7 cells with IC50 value of 5.495 µg/ml. Cumulative analysis by geNorm and NormFinder programs indicated that the normalization of the RT-qPCR data under AgNPs treatment in MCF-7 cells would be greatly improved utilizing two reference genes including TBP and GAPDH. This study is the first investigation for the selection of suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in MCF-7 cells treated with different concentration of AgNPs, and could be used in future researches established to reveal mechanisms underlying nanosilver exposure.     

Smart computing approach for design and scale-up of conical spouted beds with open-sided draft tubes

Open-sided draft tubes provide an optimal gas distribution through a cross flow pattern between the spout and the annulus in conical spouted beds.The design,optimization,control,and scale-up of the spouted beds require precise information on operating and peak pressure drops.In this study,a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)neural network was employed for accurate prediction of these hydrodynamic characteristics.A relatively huge number of experiments were accomplished and the most influential dimensionless groups were extracted using the Buckingham-pi theorem.Then,the dimensionless groups were used for developing the MLP model for simultaneous estimation of operating and peak pressure drops.The iterative constructive technique confirmed that 4-14-2 is the best structure for the MLP model in terms of absolute average relative deviation(AARD%),mean square error(MSE),and regression coefficient(R²).The developed MLP approach has an excellent capacity to predict the transformed operating(MSE=0.00039,AARD%=1.30,and R²=0.76099)and peak(MSE=0.22933,AARD%=11.88,and R2=0.89867)pressure drops.     

Enhancing oil–water emulsion separation using improved styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer membrane: Experimental and thermodynamic study of the impact of solvent mixtures

This study investigated the fabrication of styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) membrane using the nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method with a combination of solvents, namely N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylformamide (DMF) and water as the nonsolvent. Since the impact of varying solvent ratios on SAN membrane performance remained unexplored, this study aimed to address this knowledge gap in the context of oil–water emulsion separation. Experimental results demonstrated that employing a solvent mixture, rather than a pure solvent, led to improved membrane performance. The primary objective of this work was to experimentally determine the optimal solvent ratio for enhancing SAN copolymer membrane performance. Additionally, the Flory–Huggins thermodynamic model was applied to investigate the possibility of predicting membrane binodal data. The thermodynamic analysis revealed a strong agreement between calculated and experimental binodal data, with an error of less than 3.8%. Notably, membranes produced with an equal solvent ratio exhibited the most hydrophilic properties, resulting in increased permeability. The permeate flux for distilled water reached 320 L/(m² h) (LMH), and water contact angle of the membrane was 22°. Furthermore, mechanical resistance increased up to 50%. These results highlight the promising potential of fabricating SAN membrane using solvent mixtures for oil–water emulsion separation.