Ranking spreaders by decomposing complex networks

Ranking the nodes? ability of spreading in networks is crucial for designing efficient strategies to hinder spreading in the case of diseases or accelerate spreading in the case of information dissemination. In the well-known k-shell method, nodes are ranked only according to the links between the remaining nodes (residual links) while the links connecting to the removed nodes (exhausted links) are entirely ignored. In this Letter, we propose a mixed degree decomposition (MDD) procedure in which both the residual degree and the exhausted degree are considered. By simulating the epidemic spreading process on real networks, we show that the MDD method can outperform the k-shell and degree methods in ranking spreaders.     

Near-infrared downconversion in Eu2＋ and Pr3＋ co-doped KSrPO4 phosphor

A novel near-infrared (NIR) downconversion (DC) phosphor KSrPO4 :Eu2+ , Pr3+ is synthesized by the conventional high temperature solid-state reaction. The Eu2+ acts as an efficient sensitizer for Pr3+ in the KSrPO4 host. With broad-band near-ultraviolet light excitation induced by the 4f→5d transition of Eu2+ , the characteristic NIR emission of Pr3+ , peaking at 974 nm and 1019 nm due to 3P0 → 1G4 and 1G4 → 3H4 transitions, is generated as a result of the energy transfer from Eu2+ to Pr3+ . The luminescence spectra in both the visible and the NIR regions and the decay lifetime curves of Eu2+ prove the energy transfer from Eu2+ to Pr3+ . This Eu2+ and Pr3+ co-doped KSrPO4 phosphor may be a promising candidate to modify the spectral mismatch behavior of crystalline solar cells and sunlight.     

Characterization of ceramic PVD thin films on AZ31 magnesium alloys

Ceramic thin films have been widely used to protect the metal substrate as coatings in the past years. In order to improve the poor corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy, the study in this paper used the electron beam evaporation method to prepare ceramic PVD films on its surface with TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ as donors, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the surface morphology, composition and microstructure of the thin films. Both films deposited on AZ31 took on compact top surface morphologies and grew as amorphous structures on substrate. AES test not only showed that films compositions deviated the standard stoichiometric ratios, but also found that element Mg diffused into films and existed as magnesium oxide in the TiO_x film as well as the AlO_x film. In the electrochemical corrosion test, the AlO_x coating on AZ31 exhibited the largest electrochemical impedance in a 3.5% NaCl solution. But it did not show better corrosion resistance than others for the poorer adhesion. Even if its thickness was small, the TiO_x coating on AZ31 exhibited the best corrosion resistance in this study. According to the observation and analysis, the damage of these films on AZ31 in aggressive solutions was mainly due to the existence of pores, microcracks, vacancies and poor adhesion between coating and substrate.     

Synthesis, structure and optical properties of Eu/TiO2 nanocrystals at room temperature

The nanocrystal samples of titanium dioxide doped with europium ion (Eu³⁺/TiO₂ nanocrystal) are synthesized by the sol-gel method with hydrothermal treatment. The Eu³⁺ contents (molar ratio) in the samples are 0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. The X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy data and scanning electron microscope image show that crystallite size is reduced by the doping of Eu³⁺ into TiO₂. Comparing the Raman spectra of TiO₂ with Eu³⁺/TiO₂ (molar ratio Eu³⁺/TiO₂=1%, 2% and 4%) nanocrystals at different annealing temperatures indicates that the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation temperatures of Eu³⁺/TiO₂ nanocrystals are higher than that of TiO₂. This is due to the formation of Eu-O-Ti bonds on the surface of the TiO₂ crystallite, as characterized by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photoluminescence spectra of TiO₂ in Eu³⁺/TiO₂ nanocrystals are interpreted by the surface self-trapped and defect-trapped exciton relaxation. The photoluminescence of Eu³⁺ in Eu³⁺/TiO₂ nanocrystals has the strongest emission intensity at 2% of Eu³⁺ concentration.     

基于安卓平台的糖尿病监护系统的研究及实现

基于目前针对糖尿病的研究主要集中在健康管理及血糖浓度监测方面,在糖尿病病情控制方面并不乐观的现状,设计开发了一套能够实时监护老年患者注射药物情况的远程家庭医疗系统。该系统由智能检测硬件系统,手机客户端和WEB信息管理端组成,不仅可以解决独孤老人时常忘记注射胰岛素的问题,也有利于解决我国老年患者糖尿病监护难的问题,同时也能提醒青壮年实时携带注射针剂盒,缓解糖尿病并发症的发生。通过实时实验测试,该糖尿病监护系统可靠、稳定,且具有良好的实际应用价值。     

壳聚糖辐射裂解制备基因载体及其体外转染性能研究

Chitosan (CS) is expected to be an ideal gene carrier for its high biosafety. In this work, CS with low molecular weight were prepared through the γ-ray radiation on the acetic acid solution of CS. The CS chains were scissioned under the γ-ray radiation, and the molecular weight (MW) of CS decreased with the absorbed dose. When the absorbed dose was above 30 kGy, the molecular weight of CS decreased about an order of magnitude. The γ-ray-radiation-scissioned CS can e ectively bind with plasmid (pEGFP) through complex coacervation method, forming pEGFP/ γ-ray-radiation-scissioned CS complex particles with a size of 200-300 nm. The complex particles have good stability and little cytotoxicity. The in uitro gene transfection efficiencies of the pEGFP/ γ-ray-radiation-scissioned CS complex particles were investigated by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. The results showed that the gene vectors using γ-ray-radiation-scissioned CS as the carrier will possess better gene transfection efficiency than those using natural high-MW CS as the carrier. The higher the absorbed dose, the smaller the MW of CS and the better transfection efficiency of the corresponding gene vector. This work provides a green and simple method on the preparation of CS-based gene vectors with high efficiency and biosafety.     

球粉板表面缺陷在线检测

为快速准确检测球粉板表面缺陷,对球粉板表面光学特性不一致性和缺陷类型的多样性等关键问题进行了分析,以利于有效地解决关键问题;论文提出采用基于模板图片创建矫正模板来解决被测板材表面光学特性变动的均化问题、自适应萃取二值化阈值解决二值化阈值整定问题,以提高软件的执行鲁棒性;通过自定义算法实现了细线型缺陷修补,有效地提高了划痕类缺陷检测的精度和可靠性;提出了筛查模型实现了符合缺陷检测精度要求的噪点筛除;通过大量现场实验验证了本系统能够正确高效实现球粉板表面缺陷检测定位标识和面积测量功能,以及达到了目标检测精度;本系统能很好地胜任球粉板在线表面缺陷检测;实验证明检测系统非常高效精准,极大地提高了生产线自动化能力。     

Study of asymmetric charge writing on Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films by Kelvin probe force microscopy

Polycrystalline Pb(Zr_0.55Ti_0.45)O₃ thin film was deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si(1 0 0) by radio-frequency-magnetron sputtering method, and the writing of charge bits on the surface of PZT thin film was studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy. It is found that the surface potential of the negative charge bits are higher than those of the corresponding positive ones. When ferroelectric polarization switching occurs, the potential difference becomes even more remarkable. A qualitative model was proposed to explain the origin of the asymmetric charge writing. It is demonstrated that the internal field in the interface layer, which is near the ferroelectric/electrode interface in ferroelectric film, is likely to be the cause for the occurrence of this phenomenon.     

Investigation the effects of the excess Pb content and annealing conditions on the microstructure and ferroelectric properties of PZT (52-48) films prepared by sol-gel method

The effects of the PbO volatilization, excess Pb content of PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48 (PZT) precursor, PbTiO₃ (PT) seeding layers and annealing condition on the microstructures, surface morphologies, preferred orientation and ferroelectric properties of PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48 films were systematically investigated. PZT films with a variety of excess Pb (0-20%) were spin-deposited on Si(1 0 0) and Pt(1 1 1)/Ti/SiO₂/Si(1 0 0) substrates by sol-gel technique. The films composition, Pb/Zr/Ti/O atom rate and Pb loss were semiquantitative analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). When the excess Pb of PZT precursor was 10%, the Pb/Zr/Ti/O atomic rate of the fabricated films was very close to the designed rate of 1:0.52:0.48:3. The XRD and AFM investigations confirmed that PT seeding layer promoted the PZT films perovskite phase transformation and grains growth with (1 1 0) plane preferred orientation, accordingly lowered perovskite phase crystallization temperature and reduced Pb loss. The PZT films annealed in O₂ flow demonstrated better microstructure and ferroelectric properties comparing with films annealed in air by double remnant polarization increase and 8% coercive field increase. The underlying mechanism was also investigated.