Two-dimensional Riemann problems for zero-pressure gas dynamics with three constant states

The Riemann problems for two-dimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics are solved completely when the initial data take three constant states having discontinuities on x,y-positive and x-negative axes. With the help of characteristic analysis, by studying interactions among delta-shocks, vacuums and contact discontinuities, the Riemann solutions constructed exhibit nine different explicit configurations. The Mach-reflection-like configurations appear in some solutions.     

深层高温高压气井临界产量计算模型

基于热膨胀效应和环空体积变化效应这两种环空带压机理,结合气井生产过程中井筒温度-压力分布计算方法,考虑油层套管和油管的许可压力值,建立一个深层高温高压气井临界产量计算模型.运用迭代法求解模型,编制相关程序.结果表明:环空压力与主要受温度的影响,气井产量越高,井口温度越高,环空压力越大,油套管安全系数越低,因此需要考虑管柱安全性确定临界流量.利用新疆某深层高温高压气井的实际数据进行实例计算,结果可为深层高温高压气井的合理配产提供依据.     

氨基己酸为配基的新型弱阳离子交换/疏水双功能色谱固定相对蛋白质的分离纯化

以硅胶为基质、氨基己酸为配基制备了一种新型弱阳离子交换/疏水（WCX/HIC）双功能混合模式色谱固定相。该固定相配基具有一定的疏水性且含有羧基,在高盐浓度下表现为HIC的性质,可作为HIC固定相使用;在低盐浓度条件下表现为离子交换的性质,可作为WCX固定相使用。分别考察了该介质在WCX和HIC两种模式下对标准蛋白质的分离性能,并与商品柱进行比较。结果表明,所合成的WCX/HIC双功能固定相在WCX和HIC两种模式下对蛋白质均有较高的分离度和选择性,且分离能力与商品柱相当,两种模式下标准蛋白质的质量和活性回收率均大于93%,表明该柱具有“一柱二用”的功能,适于生物大分子的分离纯化。基于此双功能色谱柱构建的在线单柱二维液相色谱（2DLC-1C）可在60 min内实现8种蛋白质的快速分离。在70 min内完成了对蛋清中溶菌酶的二维纯化,纯度可达到98.3%。该技术中一根色谱柱可当作两根色谱柱使用,对蛋白质组学研究和重组蛋白药物的生产具有重要的应用价值。     

Two-parameter bifurcation analysis of limit cycles of a simplified railway wheelset model

The effect of the nonlinear terms on bifurcation behaviors of limit cycles of a simplified railway wheelset model is investigated. At first, the stable equilibrium state loses its stability via a Hopf bifurcation. The bifurcation curve is divided into a supercritical branch and a subcritical one by a generalized Hopf point, which plays a key role in determining the occurrence of flange contact and derailment of high-speed railway vehicles, and the occurrence of this critical situation is an important decision-making criteria for design parameters. Secondly, bifurcations of limit cycles are discussed by comparing the bifurcation behavior of cycles for two different nonlinear parameters. Unlike local Hopf bifurcation analysis based on a single bifurcation parameter in most papers, global bifurcation analysis of limit cycles based on two bifurcation parameters is investigated, simultaneously. It is shown that changing nonlinear parameter terms can affect bifurcation types of cycles and division of parameter domains. In particular, near the branch points of cycles, two symmetrical limit cycles are created by a pitchfork bifurcation and then two symmetrical cycles both undergo a period-doubling bifurcation to form two stable period-two cycles. Around the resonant points, period orbits can make several turns, whose number of turns corresponds to the ratio of resonance. Thirdly, near the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation of cycles, a stable torus is created by a supercritical Neimark–Sacker bifurcation, which shows that the orbit of the model exhibits modulated oscillations with two frequencies near the limit cycle. These results demonstrate that nonlinear parameter terms can produce very complex global bifurcation phenomena and make obvious effects on possible hunting motions even though a simple railway wheelset model is concerned.

     

局部形状特征概率混合的半自动三维点云分类

三维激光扫描获取的点云数据可用于数字城市建设、三维模型获取、场景分析与物体测量等领域.但因遮挡和噪声的影响,加之扫描场景复杂,采样精度受限,使得不能直接运用经典的曲面和三维空间理论对点云数据进行有效分析和处理.分类是点云数据预处理的重要方式之一.提取近邻四面体体积、近邻法向量差异度、主方向差异度和主曲率值4个局部形状特征,采用概率混合策略构建了一种点云数据的半自动分类方法,可实现平面点集、柱面点集和其他点集的有效区分.其中,概率混合策略是依据近邻点平均距离和单指标类别一致程度估计每个特征推断形状的概率,通过混合加权,依据概率赋权函数最大值准则进行局部形状推断.可实现用户交互,以便处理不同扫描尺度和精度的点云数据.采用本文方法对模拟生成的点云、单棵树木点云、街道场景点云、旷野自然场景扫描点云以及航空机载扫描点云等多组数据进行了实验,结果表明,基于局部形状特征的概率混合方法对各种点云数据均具有良好的分类效果.     

Experimental and theoretical research on capillary limit of micro heat pipe with compound structure of sintered wick on trapezium-grooved substrate

Since heat flux increases sharply yet cooling space in microelectronic and chemical products gradually decreases, a micro heat pipe has been an ideal device for heat transfer for high heat-flux products, and its performance depends largely on its capillary limit. This study proposed an integrated utilization of the advantages of lower backflow resistance to working fluid in trapezium-grooved-wick micro heat pipes and greater capillary force in sintered-wick micro heat pipes; first the factors that are crucial to both types’ heat transfer performances were analyzed, and then mathematical modeling was built for capillary limit of a micro heat pipe with the compound structure of sintered wick on trapezium-grooved substrate, and finally heat transfer limits for micro heat pipes with a trapezium-grooved wick, a sintered wick and with a compound structure were tested through experiments. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that for a micro heat pipe with proposed compound structure, its capillary limit is superior to that of a micro heat pipe with a simplex sintered wick or trapezium-grooved wick.     

邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯表面印迹聚合物的制备及其固相萃取应用

采用复合二氧化硅微球(H-SiO2)作为载体,以邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DIOP)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,制备了邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯表面印迹聚合物(H-SiO2@MIP)。 分别采用扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱对该印迹聚合物进行了观察和表征,结果表明,制备出的印迹聚合物呈球形,印迹壳层厚度为60~70 nm。 采用高效液相色谱技术对该印迹聚合物的吸附性能进行了检测,结果表明,该印迹聚合物对塑化剂DIOP表现出特异性吸附性能,最大吸附容量为50.35 mg/g,DIOP对于邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)的选择因子(β)分别为2.31和2.47。 将该印迹聚合物装填于固相萃取柱中,结合液相色谱检测技术,能对牛奶样品中的塑化剂DIOP进行有效分离、富集和检测。     

High-efficiency multilayer-coated ion-beam-etched blazed grating in the extreme-ultraviolet wavelength region

We describe a simple method to fabricate blazed gratings used in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength region. The method uses an argon and oxygen mixed-gas ion beam to directly etch the grating substrate through a rectangular profile photoresist grating mask. With this method the etched grating groove profile can be well controlled. An Mo/Si multilayer-coated specimen with a blaze angle of 1.9 degrees was fabricated and measured. At an incident angle of 10 degrees and a wavelength of 13.62 nm, the diffraction efficiency of the negative second order reaches 36.2%.     

氨的反复变色喷泉实验设计与教学思考

根据氨的一些性质,设计了氨的反复变色喷泉实验,并应用到化学教学论实验课上,获得了较好的教学效果。由此对化学教育产生了几点思考：（1）教师应利用化学实验创设生动活泼的教学情境;（2）教师应利用化学实验促进三重表征思维之间的联系;（3）教师应使化学实验教学功能最大化;（4）教师应有主动开发化学实验案例的意识;（5）教师应有亲自动手试做化学实验的行动。