Fluorescence ghost imaging with pseudothermal light

We extend classical light ghost imaging to the area of fluorescence imaging and propose a new fluorescence imaging method. For the first time, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that fluorescence ghost imaging can be realized with pseudothermal light. Important factors influencing the visibility and resolution of the images are discussed to improve the quality of the fluorescence ghost imaging. We hope that this work may pave the road for ghost imaging to biomedical applications.     

补充加料过程中逃逸电子的雪崩现象

在靶丸注入和超声分子束注入等补充加料期间，虽然等离子体密度骤然增加，但用五通道碘化汞探测器阵列及碘化钠探测器在此期间均测到很强的X射线辐射，且射线峰爆发时间与靶丸注入及超声分子束注入时间对应得相当好，用二次电子发射形成雪崩型逃逸电子理论解释了实验测量结果。     

双视场准共路多普勒外差干涉仪光学系统设计

针对大气风场矢量的星载探测应用,提出一种双视场准共路多普勒外差干涉仪方案,其采用平面镜视场耦合、K?sters棱镜单光栅干涉仪和一维成像镜的系统结构,可以同时探测两个正交方向不同高度层的视线风速,具有结构紧凑、无运动部件、探测效率高等特点。推导了基于K?sters棱镜的准共路干涉仪非对称量Δd与光栅利特罗角、分光棱镜尺寸等初始光学参数的关系。以基于氧原子红线(O[1D]630 nm)进行星载高层大气风场探测为例,给出了参数优化和系统设计的过程及结果,并对全系统干涉图进行建模仿真。结果表明:双视场准共路多普勒外差干涉仪具有一维空间分辨能力,在不使用视场扫描装置的情况下就可获得两个视场方向不同高度层上的干涉图,借助卫星平台运动可以获得同一目标区域的风场矢量信息。     

Negative refractive index in a four-level atomic system

A closed four-level system in atomic vapour is proposed, which is made to possess left handedness by using the technique of quantum coherence. The density matrix method is utilized in view of the rotating-wave approximation and the effect of a local field in dense gas. The numerical simulation result shows that the negative permittivity and the negative permeability of the medium can be achieved simultaneously (i.e. the left handedness) in a wider frequency band under appropriate parameter conditions. Furthermore, when analysing the dispersion property of the left-handed material, we can find that the probe beam propagation can be controlled from superluminal to subluminal, or vice versa via changing the detuning of the probe field.     

拼接式编码器测角误差分析及试验

根据望远镜测角系统的精度需求,分析了影响拼接式编码器测角精度的误差源,以及多读数头测角消差原理,确定了采用相位相差90°的4读数头的测角方式。在某望远镜方位轴系转台进行了逆时针和顺时针方向的测角试验,通过对测角数据进行谐波分析并补偿后,得到两组实验测角误差RMS分别为0.34"、0.38"。实验表明,相位相差90°的均布4读数头的测角方式消除了由轴系误差、编码器安装位置误差和钢带安装盘部分圆度误差对测角精度的影响,实现了亚角秒级测角的目的。研究结果可用于大口径望远镜设计阶段的误差分析与分配、预估测角精度,为降低设计和加工误差提供参考。     

纯永磁波荡器基波与谐波磁场的三维计算与测试

 对标淮的纯永磁波荡器进行了三维磁场的有限元计算,给出了纯永磁波荡器的基波与谐波磁场的幅值与相位,并与测试结果进行对比,结果表明,标准的纯永磁波荡器谐波磁场幅值比基波幅值低两个数量级。     

稳定超疏水性表面的理论进展

自然界中很多动植物都具有稳定的超疏水性, 它们既拥有高接触角, 又拥有低滚动角, 且能长期稳定存在.通过对它们的研究, 发现表面的润湿性与表面的化学成分、表面的几何形貌有关, 并且表面几何结构的影响更为显著, 甚至可以实现由亲水性表面向超疏水转变. 虽然目前在这个领域已经有大量的实验验证了表面粗糙结构的重要作用, 但是对于表面微纳米结构对表面疏水性机理的理论研究还并不完善. 本文详细介绍了超疏水表面的基本理论及其适用性、 接触角滞后现象, 分别从经典理论和能量的观点探讨了润湿状态转化发生的条件, 重点介绍了通过仿生理念对表面几何形貌的优化设计, 包括单尺度和多尺度表面结构对于设计稳定超疏水表面的作用. 最后, 对超疏水理论的不足和未来发展进行了展望. 关键词： 超疏水 仿生 接触角 滞后     

The impact of energy spectrum width in the energy selective electron low-temperature thermionic heat engine at maximum power

A model of thermionic heat engine with the energy selective electron mechanism is studied. Analytical expressions of the power output and efficiency of this device are derived at low temperature, where the chemical potentials of the reservoirs are assumed to be constant. After discussing the impact of the energy spectrum width of the energy selective electron mechanism, we find two bounds (${\eta }_{\pm }$) of efficiency at maximum power exist naturally. When the energy spectrum width increases gradually from zero and then to the semi-infinite case with the infinite upper limit, the efficiency at maximum power decreases monotonously from the upper bound ${\eta }_{+}$ to the lower bound ${\eta }_{?}$ at a given temperature ratio of the cold and hot reservoirs. The two bound are given by numerical simulation and by an analytical expression respectively. These results may provide some guidance for the application of the practical energy selective electron heat engines.     

Nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage

The development of nanotechnology in the past two decades has generated great capability of controlling materials at the nanometer scale and has enabled exciting opportunities to design materials with desirable electronic, ionic, photonic, and mechanical properties. This development has also contributed to tile advance in energy storage, which is a critical technology in this century. In this article, we will review how the rational design of nanostructured materials has addressed the challenges of batteries and electrochemical capacitors and led to high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices. Four specific material systems will be discussed： i） nanostructured alloy anodes for Li-batteries, ii） nanostructured sulfur cathodes for Li-batteries, iii） nanoporous open- framework battery electrodes, and iv） nanostructured electrodes for electrochemical capacitors.     

Choline oxidase immobilized into conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film for choline detection

The effect of choline oxidase (Chox) on the electrochemical polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was described. Result shows that the growth rate of PEDOT film varied with the addition of Chox quantity. The properties of PEDOT and PEDOT/Chox films were characterized by XPS and UV-vis absorption techniques. Meanwhile, a novel UV-vis absorbance method for the detection of choline was achieved. In a medium of 1/30 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 8.0), a very sensitive absorbance peak at 293 nm was observed. The linear relationship between UV-vis absorption intensity and choline concentration in a range from 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 5.1 × 10⁻⁵ M was obtained. This method has also been applied to determine choline in several feedstuff additive samples.