3,3'-二取代联二萘酚硫脲催化合成4H-吡喃衍生物

合成了3种3,3′-二取代BINOL轴手性硫脲类催化剂(3a~3c),并成功地将其应用于催化不对称Knoevenagel-Micheal的串联反应。结果表明,以CH2Cl2为溶剂、3a为催化剂各种取代芳香醛与丙二腈和1,3-环己二酮在25℃下反应得到4H-吡喃衍生物,产率可达98%,对映选择性高达94%。     

结冰过程对溶解性有机质典型组分还原Cr(Ⅵ)的影响

研究了结冰过程对溶解性有机质(DOM)的4种典型组分草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸还原Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.结果表明,在低浓度下Cr(Ⅵ)在水溶液中不能被4种有机酸所还原;而在冰中,不同的有机酸对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除均有促进作用,且去除效果随着有机酸浓度的增大逐渐增强.4种有机酸的作用效果强弱顺序为草酸酒石酸苹果酸柠檬酸.通过使用不同浓度的无机盐和无机酸可以改变冰表面上类似液体层的厚度来抑制Cr(Ⅵ)的还原,作用效果与无机盐种类无关.溶液的初始pH值和有机酸结构是影响Cr(Ⅵ)还原的重要因素.实验条件下冷冻浓缩效应的富集倍数至少可达10~3,对冰中草酸去除Cr(Ⅵ)有明显的促进作用.     

Amperometric sandwich immunoassay for the carcinoembryonic antigen using a glassy carbon electrode modified with iridium nanoparticles,polydopamine and reduced graphene oxide

The authors describe a sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for sensitive determination of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). It is based on the use of iridium nanoparticles (Ir NPs) acting as electrochemical signal amplifier on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. At first, polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide (PDA-rGO) was employed to immobilize primary antibody (Ab₁) against CEA. Secondly, Ir-NPs were used as a support for the immobilization of secondary antibody (Ab₂) to afford signal labels. The large surface area of PDA-rGO and the excellent electro-oxidative H₂O₂-sensing properties of Ir NPs result in a sensitive assay for CEA. Operated best at a working voltage of ?0.6 V (vs. SCE), the assay has a linear range that extends from 0.5 pg?mL^?1 to 5 ng·mL^?1, and the lower detection limit is 0.23 pg?mL^?1. The immunosensor displays satisfactory reproducibility and stability, thus demonstrating a reliable immunoassay strategy for tumor biomarkers. It was applied to the determination of CEA in spiked serum samples.

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Graphical abstract Schematic of an amperometric sandwich immunoassay for the carcinoembryonic antigen using a glassy carbon electrode modified with polydopamine, reduced graphene oxide and iridium nanoparticles

     

Voltammetric myoglobin sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a composite film consisting of carbon nanotubes and a molecularly imprinted polymerized ionic liquid

The ionic liquid 1-{3-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]propyl}-3-vinylimidazole bromide was synthesized and used to fabricate a molecularly imprinted film for electrochemical sensing of myoglobin (Myo). This film was deposited on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes by using the ionic liquid as the functional monomer, Myo as the template, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinker, and a redox system containing ammonium persulfate and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine as the initiator. The sensing performance of the modified electrode was investigated by using the hexacyanoferrate system as an electrochemical redox probe. The results demonstrated that the sensor possesses good selectivity and high sensitivity. The oxidation peak current at the potential of ~0.3 V (vs. SCE) was found linearly related to the myoglobin concentration in the range from 60.0 nM to 6.0 μM, with a 9.7 nM detection limit at an S/N ratio of 3. The sensor was applied to the determination of Myo in spiked serum samples where it showed average recoveries (for n = 5) of 96.5 %.

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Graphical abstract By using a polymerizable ionic liquid as the functional monomer, a myoglobin imprinted polymer was fabricated on a multi-walled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode. The sensing performances of the molecularly imprinted sensor towards myoglobin demonstrated good selectivity, sensitivity and accuracy.

     

Graphitized carbon and graphene modified Fe2O3/Li4Ti5O12 as anode material for lithium ion batteries

Graphitized carbon (GC) and graphene (GE) modified Fe₂O₃/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) composites have been synthesized via a solid‐state reaction, respectively. The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the materials have also been characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) system, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemical measurements. The discharge capacities of Fe₂O₃/LTO, GC/Fe₂O₃/LTO and GE/Fe₂O₃/LTO are 100.2 mAh g^?1, 207.5 mAh g^?1 and 238.9 mAh g^?1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 176 mA g^?1. The cyclic stability and rate capability are in the order of GE/Fe₂O₃/LTO > GC/Fe₂O₃/LTO > Fe₂O₃/LTO because of the synergistic effect between GC (GE) and Fe₂O₃/LTO. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种双光束红外光谱及其在气固相多相催化反应实时原位表征中的应用

单光束红外光谱技术(原位傅立叶透射变换红外、原位漫反射红外和衰减全反射红外光谱技术)虽然已经用于气固相多相催化反应的原位表征中,但这些光谱在真实反应条件下会受到气体分子振动光谱和加热条件下产生的发射光谱的严重影响,不能实时获得催化剂表面的真实信息.另外,由于在真实的气固相多相催化反应过程中,催化剂本底的信息会随着反应时间的延长而发生变化,因此单光束红外光谱技术在扣除本底信息方面存在误差.为了实现在反应条件下,实时、原位表征催化剂表面的状态,我们报道了一种双光束红外光谱表征技术.该技术包括双光束红外光谱系统及双光束红外反应池.其特征在于:实时双光束原位红外光谱系统由两台完全相同的红外光谱仪和双光束红外反应池组成.双光束红外反应池由完全相同的样品池和参考池连接而成,样品池和参考池处于同一水平线上分别对应于样品光谱仪和参考光谱仪,由计算机同步控制两台红外光谱仪,排除实时状态下的气体分子振动光谱干扰和加热条件下产生的发射光谱干扰.该技术可以对真实反应条件下的气固相多相催化反应进行实时原位表征.通过应用程序的关联可以实时、同步采集样品光束和背景光束谱图来得到催化剂表面物种随反应时间变化的真实信息.该技术克服了单光束红外光谱在原位多相催化反应表征方面的缺陷,使表征结果变得更加精确可靠.该技术还可以在变化的气相组分条件下,获得不同温度下、实时的催化剂表面活性中心、活性相和中间物种的信息.采用上述双光束红外光谱仪对丁烯在纳米HZSM-5催化剂上芳构化反应过程进行了实时、原位观测,首次在实际反应条件下,观察到了异丁烯在纳米HZSM-5沸石的表面Br?nsted酸中心上经历吸附、活化、聚合、环化等反应步骤生成芳烃的过程.     

以正丁胺为模板剂合成SAPO-34及其在氨甲基化反应中的应用

以正丁胺为模板剂首次合成了纯相的SAPO-34分子筛.考察了硅投料量、硅源种类以及晶化温度等条件对所得样品性质的影响.发现反应温度为200°C时,不加入硅源,合成产物为磷酸铝层状相kanemite;加入硅溶胶后,产物中开始有SAPO-34晶体出现,且随着硅投料量的增加,kanemite逐渐消失,SAPO-34分子筛成为主要产物,最终在SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比为0.6-1.4时得到纯相的SAPO-34.不同的硅源对SAPO-34产品的形貌和尺寸影响较大.反应温度为160°C时,合成体系中无法晶化得到SAPO-34,当提高至240°C后,由于层状相在高温下不能稳定存在,此时可以在较宽的硅投料区间内合成得到纯相SAPO-34产品.在200和240°C时,考察了使用同样的初始凝胶合成SAPO-34样品的晶化过程.发现在200°C时,合成体系中最初大量生成了kanemite,随后逐渐减少,SAPO-34晶体开始生成并最终成为唯一产物.而在240°C时,无机原料很快被溶解,之后大量的SAPO-34晶体快速生成,产物的收率和相对结晶度迅速增加,且整个晶化过程中并无层状相生成.这再次证明了高温对层状相的生成有着明显的抑制作用,因此提高晶化温度可以成为一种有效调节产品晶相的方法,特别是在容易产生层状相杂质的合成体系中.鉴于胺热合成方法的诸多优点,例如较高的收率、较好的吸附分离及催化反应效果,几种伯胺(正丁胺、正丙胺、环己胺)被用于充当模板剂和溶剂来合成得到了SAPO分子筛产品.其中,正丙胺为一种新的合成SAPO-34的模板剂.对SAPO-34产品进行X射线衍射、X射线荧光分析、扫描电镜、N2物理吸附、NH3程序升温脱附、热重和固体核磁共振等表征.结果显示,得到的SAPO-34产品具有很好的结晶度、孔结构以及合适的酸性.使用氨甲基化反应对正丁胺合成的SAPO-34进行催化反应评价.结果显示,该样品对甲胺和二甲胺具有很高的择形选择性,是一种具有潜在前景的甲胺合成催化剂.     

Synthesis of a benzoxazine monomer containing maleimide and allyloxy groups

A novel benzoxazine monomer 3-（4-allyloxy）phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-6-（N-maleimido）-l,3-benzoxazine （AMB） was synthesized and structure was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR. Thermal analysis （DSC） of AMB showed the introduction of allyloxy group melting point and exhibited a narrow and symmetric curing exothermic window.     

职前和在职化学教师“化学平衡”课堂教学解释能力的对比

运用录像分析法,以Hannah Sevian和Lisa Gonsalves设计的教师课堂教学解释能力评价量表为工具,对职前和在职化学教师课堂教学解释能力（以“化学平衡”内容为例）进行测评。研究发现：职前化学教师和在职化学教师的课堂教学解释能力在一般性教学知识（PK）、学科内容知识（CK）、学科教学知识（PCK）等3方面均存在显著差异,即职前化学教师得分由高到低分别为PK、CK、PCK,在职化学教师得分由高到低则分别为PK、PCK、CK;具体差异主要体现在“事实性知识”“将知识运用到不同情境中的能力”“使用心智图像解释”“搭建解释”等方面。     

A homogeneous and “off–on” fluorescence aptamer-based assay for chloramphenicol using vesicle quantum dot-gold colloid composite probes

In this work, a novel homogeneous and signal “off–on” aptamer based fluorescence assay was successfully developed to detect chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in food based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The vesicle nanotracer was prepared through labeling single stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) on limposome-CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (SSB/L-QD) complexes. It was worth mentioning that the signal tracer (SSB/L-QD) with vesicle shape, which was fabricated being encapsulated with a number of quantum dots and SSB. The nanotracer has excellent signal amplification effects. The vesicle composite probe was formed by combining aptamer labeled nano-gold (Au-Apt) and SSB/L-QD. Which based on SSB's specific affinity towards aptamer. This probe can't emit fluoresce which is in “off” state because the signal from SSB/L-QD as donor can be quenched by the Au-aptas acceptor. When CAP was added in the composite probe solution, the aptamer on the Au-Apt can be preferentially bounded with CAP then release from the composite probe, which can turn the “off” signal of SSB/L-QD tracer into “on” state. The assay indicates excellent linear response to CAP from 0.001 nM to 10 nM and detection limit down to 0.3 pM. The vesicle probes with size of 88 nm have strong signal amplification. Because a larger number of QDs can be labeled inside the double phosphorus lipid membrane. Besides, it was employed to detect CAP residues in the milk samples with results being agreed well with those from ELISA, verifying its accuracy and reliability.