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961.
Qing-de Chen Xing-hai Shen 《高分子科学》2005,(6):635-642
In the UV-Vis spectra of pure light-scattering systems, there is an exponential relationship between absorbance and wavelength (A = Kλ^-n). Here, the exponent n is named as flocculation-coagulation parameter. In the present paper, the effects of different additives on the stability of poly(N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide-co-4-vinylpyridine) (poly(Bis-co-4-VP)) microgel dispersion were studied in detail via this parameter. The results showed that the stability of the dispersion mainly comes from the ionization of pyridine groups, making the microgel positively charged on its surface. This was confirmed by the measurement of Zeta potential and the result of conductometric titration. The result of fluorescence analysis indicated that the hydrophobicity in the microgels is enhanced with the increase in total 4-VP unit content. 相似文献
962.
Hu Chuanjiang Duan Chunying Meng Qingjin Liu Yongjiang Lu Changsheng Reng Xiaoming Chen Yijun Cao Mi 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2000,25(2):141-144
The mixed-valence molybdovanadate compound Na2(NH4)4[VIVVV
8Mo)O28] · 10H2O [Vanadata(6-)tetradeca--oxotetra-3-oxodi-6-oxoheptaoxo(oxomolybdate) nonatetrammonium disodium, decahydrate] has been synthesized from sodium molybdate(VI) dihydrate and sodium metavanadate dihydrate in aqueous solution by adding NH2OH · HCl. The molecular structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction and is based on the isopolydecavanadate structure. The molybdate atom is crystallographically disordered over 6MO6 octahedral sites. The e.s.r. spectrum clearly indicates that one vanadium atom has the oxidation number +4. 相似文献
963.
Abstract -Adaptation processes enable phototropism and other blue light responses of Phycomyces to operate over a 10-decade range of Ruencc rate. Phototropic latency, used routinely to monitor the kinetics of sensitivity recovery after a step down in fluence rate, can be shortened by application of dim light for 35 min during the early part of the latency period. This light is termed subliminal , because it does not elicit phototropism under these experimental conditions; rather, it exerts its influence on the underlying adaptation kinetics. Fluence rate-response data for this latency reduction, obtained at 17 wavelengths of subliminal light from 347 to 742 nm, showed a variety of shapes that could be fit by zero, one, or two sigmoidal components, plus a constant term. At most wavelengths, the fluence-rate threshold for latency reduction by subliminal light tended to be well below the absolute threshold for phototropism, indicating that this effect is highly sensitive. An action spectrum for the sensitivity of the subliminal light effect, derived from the fluence rate-response curves, shows major peaks around 400 and 500 nm and a broad band from 570 to 670 nm, followed by a steep absorption edge. The sensitivity in the near ultraviolet region is relatively very low. The magnitude of the latency reduction also depends strongly on wavelength with a maximum at about 450 nm. The Huence-rate response data and the action spectrum–which is markedly different from that for phototropism and other blue-light responses of Phycornyces – indicate the participation of multiple pigments, or pigment states, in the photocontrol of adaptation. 相似文献
964.
The intrinsic characteristics of radical pairs produced in squalane and in cetane receiving high gamma-dose are extensively studied with the EPR technique at temperatures from 77°K up to 150°K. The spectra of the paired radicals occur at g=4 with a very low transition probability in contrast to that of isolated radicals which appear at g=2 A well-resolved hyperfine spectrum corresponding to the species (CH3CH2.CH2CH3) is observed in cetane. The isothermal decay rates of radical pairs in cetane below 100°K are significantly slow; however, the decay kinetics at 150°K is first order with rate constant=1.86 min?1. A relatively slower decay rate is obtained for isolated radicals suggesting that the decay mechanism of paired radicals is through geminate recombination. The relative inter-radical distance in radical pairs is known from a decay curve as a function of temperature. The yields of radical pairs are low in both matrices, only few percents of those of isolated radicals. The formation mechanisms of paired radicals with direct radiolytic bond scission process are discussed in connection with the experimental observations. 相似文献
965.
Starting from shikimic acid, the total synthesis of zeylenone was studied. The product was proved to be the (+)antipode of zeylenone through analysis and comparison of their respective spectra (including NMR, MS, IR and CD) and optical data. The absolute configuration of the natural product was thus determined to be (1S,2S,3R). 相似文献
966.
A class of highly sulfated cyclodextrins (HS-CDs) was developed for enantiomeric separation of chiral compounds by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The HS-CDs were produced by a facile single-step direct sulfation of cyclodextrin using sulfur trioxide-trimethylamine complex in dimethylformamide. Characterization of the HS-CDs by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and by CE using a well-established indirect detection method indicated the species have very narrow heterogeneity in terms of degree of sulfation. Elemental analysis of the HS-alpha-, beta- and gamma-CDs showed that the average sulfate contents were 11, 12, and 13 per CD molecule, respectively. The 13C NMR of HS-CDs is consistent with the structural assignment of nearly complete sulfation at C-6 primary hydroxyl groups and partial sulfation at the C-2 secondary hydroxyls (>70%), while the C-3 hydroxyls remain unsubstituted. Enantiomeric separation by CE using the HS-CDs as chiral selectors showed that HS-alpha-, beta- and gamma-CDs complement each other by exhibiting different chiral selectivities, resulting in resolution of many chiral neutral, acidic and basic compounds of greatly varying structural features. The part of HS-CD that interacts with the guest molecule during complexation and, therefore, the receiving end of the cyclodextrin hydrophobic bucket was surrounded with largely regiospecifically substituted C-2 sulfates and intact C-3 hydroxyls, both at the equatorial positions. Such global regiospecific structural arrangement in HS-CDs provides differential diasteroisomeric complexation is proposed to be the principal contributing factor in the resolving racemates. 相似文献
967.
Dawei Jiang Lei Cheng Yudong Xue Chao Chen Chaochao Wang Guoliang Yang An Xu Youjun Yang Yun Gao Weian Zhang 《Chemical science》2020,11(33):8785
The frontier of nitric oxide biology has gradually shifted from mechanism elucidation to biomanipulation, e.g. cell-proliferation promotion, cell-apoptosis induction, and lifespan modulation. This warrants biocompatible nitric oxide (NO) donating materials, whose NO release is not only controlled by a bioorthogonal trigger, but also self-calibrated allowing real-time monitoring and hence an onset/offset of the NO release. Additionally, the dose of NO release should be facilely adjusted in a large dynamic range; flux and the dose are critical to the biological outcome of NO treatment. Via self-assembly of a PEGylated small-molecule NO donor, we developed novel NO-donating nanoparticles (PEG-NORM), which meet all the aforementioned criteria. We showcased that a low flux of NO induced cell proliferation, while a high flux induced cell oxidative stress and, ultimately, death. Notably, PEG-NORM was capable of efficiently modulating the lifespan of C. elegans. The average lifespan of C. elegans could be fine-tuned to be as short as 15.87 ± 0.29 days with a high dose of NO, or as long as 21.13 ± 0.41 days with a low dose of NO, compared to an average life-span of 18.87 ± 0.46 days. Thus, PEG-NORM has broad potential in cell manipulation and life-span modulation and could drive the advancement of NO biology and medicine.Schematic illustration of modulating the longevity of the C. elegans by PEG-NORM nanoparticles. 相似文献
968.
热处理及与KOH共炭化对深度脱除煤中无机矿物质的促进作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了煤经热处理(炭化)以及煤与KOH共炭化对酸洗脱灰的影响。结果表明,煤经炭化再用盐酸洗涤,可以在缓和的条件下大幅度提高酸洗脱灰率;煤与KOH共炭化后再酸洗,不仅对煤中的粘土、黄铁矿等无机矿物质有很好的效果,还特别适于脱除在一般情况下都难以除去的石英矿物。 相似文献
969.
Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), with the constraints of non-negativity, has been recently proposed for multi-variate data analysis. Because it allows only additive, not subtractive, combinations of the original data, NMF is capable of producing region or parts-based representation of objects. It has been used for image analysis and text processing. Unlike PCA, the resolutions of NMF are non-negative and can be easily interpreted and understood directly. Due to multiple solutions, the original algorithm of NMF [D.D. Lee, H.S. Seung, Nature 401 (1999) 788] is not suitable for resolving chemical mixed signals. In reality, NMF has never been applied to resolving chemical mixed signals. It must be modified according to the characteristics of the chemical signals, such as smoothness of spectra, unimodality of chromatograms, sparseness of mass spectra, etc. We have used the modified NMF algorithm to narrow the feasible solution region for resolving chemical signals, and found that it could produce reasonable and acceptable results for certain experimental errors, especially for overlapping chromatograms and sparse mass spectra. Simulated two-dimensional (2-D) data and real GUJINGGONG alcohol liquor GC-MS data have been resolved soundly by NMF technique. Butyl caproate and its isomeric compound (butyric acid, hexyl ester) have been identified from the overlapping spectra. The result of NMF is preferable to that of Heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP). It shows that NMF is a promising chemometric resolution method for complex samples. 相似文献
970.
采用盆栽试验研究了Nd3 在不同诱导时间对番茄叶抗性指标(过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性、细胞膜透性、氧自由基(O2-·)产生速率和木质素含量)的影响.结果表明:从第3 d开始,Nd3 诱导提高番茄叶内PAL活性,第3d增幅也最大,达32.30%,维持时间为诱导后第3~5 d;Nd3 诱导后第1~2 d POD活性升高,第1 d增幅最大,维持时间是诱导后第1~2 d;Nd3 诱导后1~3 d,PPO活性升高,第1 d增幅最大,维持时间是诱导后第1~3 d;从诱导后第2 d开始,Nd3 降低细胞膜透性,第3 d时降幅最大,为54.33%,持续时间为诱导后第2~5 d;从第3 d开始,Nd3 诱导降低氧自由基产生速率,第4 d降幅最大,第3 d氧自由基产生速率最低,持续时间为诱导后第3~5 d;从第4 d开始,Nd3 诱导提高木质素含量,5 d时有继续升高的趋势.从不同诱导时间番茄叶PAL活性、细胞膜透性、氧自由基产生速率的变化来看,在Nd3 诱导的第3 d,番茄产生的抗性最强. 相似文献