Scale-invariant structure of energy fluctuations in real earthquakes

Earthquakes are obviously complex phenomena associated with complicated spatiotemporal correlations, and they are generally characterized by two power laws: the Gutenberg-Richter (GR) and the Omori-Utsu laws. However, an important challenge has been to explain two apparently contrasting features: the GR and Omori-Utsu laws are scale-invariant and unaffected by energy or time scales, whereas earthquakes occasionally exhibit a characteristic energy or time scale, such as with asperity events. In this paper, three high-quality datasets on earthquakes were used to calculate the earthquake energy fluctuations at various spatiotemporal scales, and the results reveal the correlations between seismic events regardless of their critical or characteristic features. The probability density functions (PDFs) of the fluctuations exhibit evidence of another scaling that behaves as a q-Gaussian rather than random process. The scaling behaviors are observed for scales spanning three orders of magnitude. Considering the spatial heterogeneities in a real earthquake fault, we propose an inhomogeneous Olami-Feder-Christensen (OFC) model to describe the statistical properties of real earthquakes. The numerical simulations show that the inhomogeneous OFC model shares the same statistical properties with real earthquakes.     

低场磁共振系统的低噪声前置放大器研究设计

噪声前置放大器是磁共振射频接收子系统中的重要组件,它的性能优劣直接决定了最终磁共振图像的好坏.目前市场上的低噪声前置放大器大多基于中高场磁共振系统开发,而针对低场磁共振系统的很少;另外,商用低场磁共振系统的低噪声前置放大器价格相对较贵,并且多采用两级放大结构,结构复杂、调试难度大、成本相对较高.在此背景下,针对0.5 T低场磁共振设备利用Keysight公司的先进设计系统（ADS）软件对低噪声前置放大器进行研究设计,采用一级放大结构,探索电路设计与布局对放大器性能的影响.实测结果表明自主设计的低噪声前置放大器在21 MHz共振频率附近噪声系数为0.5 dB左右,增益达到了30 dB,能够满足低场磁共振应用的要求.     

利用位力定理估算球状星团的质量

位力定理用于描述稳定状态下N体自引力系统的动能与引力势能之间的联系,在天体物理研究中有广泛应用.球状星团是银河系内最大的恒星系统,经过长期的动力学演化已达到稳定状态.本文利用4个球状星团NGC 1851,NGC 1904,NGC7099和NGC 5964的高精度视向速度数据,结合位力定理估算了星团的动力学质量.我们得到的动力学质量分别是1.99×10~(35)kg,1.08×10~(35)kg,0.89×10~(35)kg和9.71×10~(35)kg,或表示成太阳质量为0.99×10~5M_⊙,0.54×10~5M_⊙,0.44×10~5M_⊙和4.88×10~5M_⊙.     

利用数字示波器演示简谐振动的叠加

用时间的单一谐和函数,即一个余弦或者正弦函数描述的简谐振动,是物理学中最简单、最基本的振动。利用数字任意波信号发生器和数字示波器,分别演示了同方向同频率、相互垂直的同频率以及同方向不同频率的两个简谐振动的合成。在教学过程中通过上述直观演示,有助于学生对简谐振动中振幅、周期、频率以及相位等基本概念的认识,同时对振动的叠加也有更深入的理解。     

Tens of GHz Tantalum pentoxide‐based micro‐ring all‐optical modulator for Si photonics

A tantalum pentoxide‐based (Ta₂O₅‐based) micro‐ring all‐optical modulator was fabricated. The refractive index inside the micro‐ring cavity was modified using the Kerr effect by injecting a pumped pulse. The transmittance of the ring resonator was controlled to achieve all‐optical modulation at the wavelength of the injected probe. When 12 GHz pulses with a peak power of 1.2 W were coupled in the ring cavity, the transmission spectrum of the Ta₂O₅ resonator was red‐shifted by 0.04 nm because of the Kerr effect. The relationship between the modulation depth and gap of the Ta₂O₅ directional coupler is discussed. An optimized gap of 1100 nm was obtained, and a maximum buildup factor of 11.7 with 84% modulation depth was achieved. The nonlinear refractive index of Ta₂O₅ at 1.55 μm was estimated as 3.4 × 10^?14 cm²/W based on the Kerr effect, which is almost an order of magnitude higher than that of Si₃N₄. All results indicate that Ta₂O₅ has potential for use in nonlinear waveguide applications with modulation speeds as high as tens of GHz.

     

Targeting Upconversion Nanoprobes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Early Colon Cancer

Colon cancer (CC) is one of the most common intestinal malignancies and is difficult to detect in its early stage by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with currently used contrast agents (CAs). The development of targeted CAs contributes to the early diagnosis of CC and thereby enables early intervention and timely therapy. Considering the outstanding performance of upconversion nanoprobes (UCNPs) in high‐performance MR and fluorescence imaging, a new type of nanoprobes with considerably enhanced imaging performance is developed herein. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody is conjugated onto the surface of UCNPs to achieve the targeted imaging of early CC tumors, which overexpress CEA. Both toxicity tests and histological/hematological examinations demonstrate the excellent biocompatibility of these CC‐targeting nanoprobes, which possess great potential for clinical application in the early diagnosis of CC.     

呼叫中心坐席人员排班问题优化模型与算法研究

国内呼叫企业在保证每个坐席人员周内当值相同班次情况下,通过灵活安排周内当班日期与班次来制定排班方案。针对该实际排班场景,构建问题整数规划模型。通过对问题数据特征及优化性质分析,以及对班次人力有效满足区段电话服务需求的量化指标表征,分别提出两个构造性启发式算法。使用企业实例数据对模型算法进行计算实验。实验结果显示,整数规划模型适合于求解小规模排班问题最优解,而启发式算法能够以小计算成本获得大规模排班问题优化解。最后讨论保证员工上班规律性的同班次用工制度对企业人力成本控制的影响。     

Study of radiation background at the north crossing point of the BEPCⅡ in collision mode

Understanding the radiation background at the north crossing point (NCP) in the tunnel of BEPCII is crucial for the performance safety of the High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector, and in turn of great significance for long-term stable running of the energy measurement system. Therefore, as the first step, a NaI(Tl) detector is constructed to continuously measure the radiation level of photons as background for future experiments. Furthermore, gamma and neutron dosimeters are utilized to explore the radiation distribution in the vicinity of the NCP where the HPGe detector will be located. Synthesizing all obtained information, the shielding for neutron irradiation is studied based on model-dependent theoretical analysis.     

Biquadratic tensors,biquadratic decompositions,and norms of biquadratic tensors

Biquadratic tensors play a central role in many areas of science.Examples include elastic tensor and Eshelby tensor in solid mechanics,and Riemannian curvature tensor in relativity theory.The singular values and spectral norm of a general third order tensor are the square roots of the M-eigenvalues and spectral norm of a biquadratic tensor,respectively.The tensor product operation is closed for biquadratic tensors.All of these motivate us to study biquadratic tensors,biquadratic decomposition,and norms of biquadratic tensors.We show that the spectral norm and nuclear norm for a biquadratic tensor may be computed by using its biquadratic structure.Then,either the number of variables is reduced,or the feasible region can be reduced.We show constructively that for a biquadratic tensor,a biquadratic rank-one decomposition always exists,and show that the biquadratic rank of a biquadratic tensor is preserved under an independent biquadratic Tucker decomposition.We present a lower bound and an upper bound of the nuclear norm of a biquadratic tensor.Finally,we define invertible biquadratic tensors,and present a lower bound for the product of the nuclear norms of an invertible biquadratic tensor and its inverse,and a lower bound for the product of the nuclear norm of an invertible biquadratic tensor,and the spectral norm of its inverse.