Design variable tolerance effects on the natural frequency variance of constrained multi-body systems in dynamic equilibrium

The design variable tolerance effects on the natural frequency variance of constrained multi-body systems in dynamic equilibrium are investigated in this study. Monte-Carlo simulation is often employed for such investigations, but it is known to have serious drawbacks. Excessive amount of computation time needs to be consumed since a large number of evaluations are usually required for the method. Furthermore, the solution accuracy cannot be always guaranteed in spite of the excessive amount of computation time. In order to overcome such drawbacks, a method employing eigenvalue sensitivity information is proposed to obtain the variance of natural frequency in this study. In order to verify the accuracy and the efficiency of the method, some numerical examples of multi-body systems in dynamic equilibrium are solved and the results are compared to those obtained by an analytical method and Monte-Carlo simulation.     

The Special Issue Dedicated to the Memory of Professor Wei-Shan Zhou(周维善)

This special issue is dedicated to the memory of thelate Professor Wei-Shan Zhou at Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Direct Blue 71 staining as a destaining‐free alternative loading control method for Western blotting

In Western blotting, a suitable loading control is indispensable for correcting errors in the total amount of loaded protein. Immunodetection of housekeeping proteins and total protein staining have traditionally been used as loading control methods. Direct Blue 71 (DB71) staining—a novel, sensitive, dye‐binding staining method compatible with immunodetection—may offer advantages over these traditional loading control methods. Three common neuroscientific samples (human plasma, human oligodendrocytes, and rat brain) were employed to assess DB71 staining as a loading control method for Western blotting. DB71, CBB, one traditional housekeeping protein, and one protein of interest were comparatively assessed for reliability and repeatability and linear dynamic range over 2.5–40 μg of protein loaded. DB71's effect on the reliability and repeatability and linear dynamic range of immunoreaction were also assessed. Across all three sample types, DB71 was either equivalent or superior to CBB and housekeeping protein‐based methods in terms of reliability and repeatability and linear dynamic range. Across all three sample types, DB71 staining did not impair the reliability and repeatability or linear dynamic range of immunoreaction. Our results demonstrate that the DB71 staining can be used as a destaining‐free alternative loading control method for Western blotting.     

Enhancement inhibition efficiency of PBTCA depending on the inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

For the first time, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) has been brought in to include 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) in order to enhance inhibition efficiency of PBTCA, which leads a new approach to study oil–gas field corrosion inhibition in the process of acid treatment. Based on the host–guest inclusion reaction, the inclusion complex of PBTCA with HP-β-CD has been prepared in the laboratory. UV–Vis absorption spectrum was applied to study the inclusion behavior of PBTCA with HP-β-CD. The results revealed that PBTCA with HP-β-CD can form a 1:1 stoichiometry inclusion complex. The 1:1 inclusion complex synthesized by using lyophilization was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Besides, inhibition effect of the inclusion complex on the corrosion inhibition of Q235 carbon steel has been investigated in 0.1 M sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) solution using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the presence of the inclusion complex better achieved the anti-corrosion property in aggressive medium than was the case with alone PBTCA and the highest inhibition efficiency of the inclusion complex over 90 % was obtained, which are suggestive of the active effect of the inclusion complex for improving inhibition efficiency of PBTCA. Meanwhile, the results obtained from SEM further showed that the inclusion complex acts as a more efficient corrosion inhibitor for Q235 carbon steel in H₂SO₄ medium.     

Exploring the Reactivity of Multicomponent Photocatalysts: Insight into the Complex Valence Band of BiOBr

The band structure of multicomponent semiconductor photocatalysts, as well as their reactivity distinction under different wavelengths of light, is still unclear. BiOBr, which is a typical multicomponent semiconductor, may have two possible valence‐band structures, that is, two discrete valence bands constructed respectively from O 2p and Br 4p orbitals, or one valence band derived from the hybridization of these orbitals. In this work, aqueous photocatalytic hydroxylation is applied as the probe reaction to investigate the nature and reactions of photogenerated holes in BiOBr. Three organic compounds (microcystin‐LR, aniline, and benzoic acid) with different oxidation potentials were selected as substrates. Isotope labeling (H₂¹⁸O as the solvent) was used to determine the source of the O atom in the hydroxyl group of the products, which distinguishes the contribution of different hydroxylation pathways. Furthermore, a spin‐trapping ESR method was used to quantify the reactive oxygen species (^.OH and ^.OOH) formed in the reaction system. The different isotope abundances of the hydroxyl O atom of the products formed, as well as the reverse trend of the ^.OH/^.OOH ratio with the oxidative resistance of the substrate under UV and visible irradiation, reveal that BiOBr has two separate valence bands, which have different oxidation ability and respond to UV and visible light, respectively. This study shows that the band structure of semiconductor photocatalysts can be reliably analyzed with an isotope labeling method.     

钒钼协同作用下杂多酸催化阻聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯

利用一锅法制备了Dawson型钨磷酸和钼钒磷酸,并用红外光谱和X-射线衍射表征了其结构.采用沸腾法研究了合成的杂多酸对甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的催化阻聚性能,考察了杂多酸结构、杂多酸用量和反应温度等因素对MMA本体聚合反应的影响.结果表明:钒钼元素在杂多酸催化阻聚MMA的反应中具有明显的协同作用,而且,杂多酸对MMA的催化阻聚作用随钒原子数的增加而增强,杂多酸的用量和反应温度对MMA自聚反应的速率影响较大.在过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为0.04 g,MMA为10 mL,H9P2Mo15V3O62质量为MMA的0.06%,反应温度为101.2℃或H9P2Mo15V3O62质量为MMA的0.03%,反应温度为89.4℃时,MMA自聚反应被抑制.与传统和常用酚阻聚剂相比,Dawson型钼钒磷酸具有阻聚效果好、后处理简单、无腐蚀和污染问题等优点,能够作为MMA的阻聚剂使用.     

基于ADS-B飞行安全实时监控及半物理测试平台

针对现有飞行安全监控体系中ACARS报文航迹点数量稀疏、分布不均匀、时延长,提出基于ADS-B技术实现实时、不间断飞行安全监控。首先,建立了基于ADS-B实时飞行安全监控体系架构,对飞行过程中存在的误操作进行实时检测并告警;然后,本着实用、可靠的原则,利用现有的计算机辅助软件,建立了ADS-B实时飞行安全半物理测试平台;最后,基于该平台建立了设计实时飞行安全监控系统的工程化、规范化流程。     

Correlating off-stoichiometric doping and nanoscale electronic inhomogeneity in the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta

A microscopic theory is presented for the observed electronic disorder in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. The essential phenomenology is shown to be consistent with the existence of two types of interstitial oxygen dopants: those serving primarily as charge reservoirs and those close to the apical plane contributing both carriers and electrostatic potential to the CuO2 plane. The nonlinear screening of the latter produces nanoscale variations in the doped hole concentration, leading to electronic inhomogeneity. Based on an unrestricted Gutzwiller approximation of the extended t-J model, we provide a consistent explanation of the correlation between the observed dopant location and the pairing gap and its spatial evolutions. We show that the oxygen dopants are the primary cause of both the pairing gap disorder and the quasiparticle interference pattern.     

Turbulence control with local pacing and its implication in cardiac defibrillation

In this review article, we describe turbulence control in excitable systems by using a local periodic pacing method. The controllability conditions of turbulence suppression and the mechanisms underlying these conditions are analyzed. The local pacing method is applied to control Winfree turbulence (WT) and defect turbulence (DT) induced by spiral-wave breakup. It is shown that WT can always be suppressed by local pacing if the pacing amplitude and frequency are properly chosen. On the other hand, the pacing method can achieve suppression of DT induced by instabilities associated with the motions of spiral tips while failing to suppress DT induced by the instabilities of wave propagation far from tips. In the latter case, an auxiliary method of applying gradient field is suggested to improve the control effects. The implication of this local pacing method to realistic cardiac defibrillation is addressed.