Based on the structural elements of bioactive 3-substituted indoles, a new series of indole–thiosemicarbazone hybrid derivatives were designed, synthesized, and well-characterized using different spectral techniques. The intended scaffolds were screened for their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against breast cancer (MCF-7), lung cancer (A-549), and liver cancer (Hep-G2) cell lines, as well as their anti-oxidant properties. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that compound 6n was the most potent, at least threefold more potent than the commercially available reference drug etoposide, against A-549. In addition, morphological analysis by the acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining test and flow cytometry analysis confirmed induction of apoptosis in the A-549 cells by compound 6n. In order to validate the experimental results, molecular studies were performed to achieve the possible binding interactions of the most potent compound (6n) and colchicine with tubulin as well as ANP with ATPase domain of topoisomerase IIα active sites. Moreover, the radical scavenging potential of the final derivatives was found to be excellent with the range of 0.015–0.630 µM, comparable to the standard ascorbic acid (0.655 µM).
Herein, a series of separate dynamic (1)H NMR effects are reported at different temperatures within a particular enaminoester involving a phenanthridine. These effects are attributed to restricted rotation around the two single bonds such as carbon-carbon (H(a)-C-C-H(b)) and nitrogen-carbon (NCCOOCH(3)). Activation energies (E(a)) for these interconversion processes in their rotational isomers are equal to 20 and 20 ± 1 kJ mol(-1), respectively. In addition, three dynamic (1)H NMR effects are investigated at different temperatures for a particular phosphorus ylide involving a 2-indolinone around the carbon-carbon single bond (H-C-C-PPh(3)) within the two Z- and E-rotational isomers and partial carbon-carbon double bond (OCH(3)-C=C-PPh(3)). Activation energies (E(a)) for these interconversion processes in rotational isomers are equal to 53, 63 and 73 ± 1 kJ mol(-1) , respectively. This behavior was also observed for other phosphorus ylide containing 2-mercaptobenzoxazole around the carbon-carbon single bond and partial carbon-carbon double bond with their relevant activation energies containing 13, 10 and 75 ± 1 kJ mol(-1), respectively. 相似文献
Turbulence modulation due to its interaction with dispersed solid particles in a downward fully developed channel flow was studied. The Eulerian framework was used for the gas-phase, whereas the Lagrangian approach was used for the particle-phase. The steady-state equations of conservation of mass and momentum were used for the gas-phase, and the effect of turbulence on the flow-field was included via the standard k–ε model. The particle equation of motion included the drag, the Saffman lift and the gravity forces. Turbulence dispersion effect on the particles was simulated as a continuous Gaussian random field. The effects of particles on the flow were modeled by appropriate source terms in the momentum, k and ε equations. Particle–particle collisions and particle–wall collisions were accounted for in these simulations. Gas-phase velocities and turbulence kinetic energy in the presence of 2–100% mass loadings of two particle classes (50 μm glass and 70 μm copper) were evaluated, and the results were compared with the available experimental data and earlier numerical results. The simulation results showed that when the inter-particle collisions were important and was included in the computational model, the fluid turbulence was attenuated. The level of turbulence attenuation increased with particle mass loading, particle Stokes number, and the distance from the wall. When the inter-particle collisions were negligible and/or was neglected in the model, the fluid turbulence was augmented for the range of particle sizes considered. 相似文献