Electrochemically controllable emission and coloration by using europium(III) complex and viologen derivatives

We have demonstrated electroswitchable emission and coloration using a novel composite material containing luminescent europium(III) complex Eu(hfa)(3)(H(2)O)(2) and diheptyl viologen HV(2+). The photoluminescence of the Eu(III) complex was controlled by the electrochemical coloration of HV(2+)via intermolecular energy transfer mechanisms.     

Study of the Proton Magnetic Resonance of Methoxy-Tamoxifen Towards Ortho-Substitution

The objective of the work was to study the proton magnetic resonance of derivatives of methoxytamoxifen towards ortho substitution of a trialkylstannyl-moiety and iodine. Since Iodo-methoxytamoxifen was specially needed for further biological studies in the detection and characterisation of breast tumors, it was necessary to be certain of the position of substitution (i.e. ortho to the amino ether).     

ESR study of radical sites in crystalline texture of irradiated polypropylene by means of nitric acid etching

Bulk-crystallized isotactic polypropylene samples with different crystalline textures were etched by fuming nitric acid to remove the disordered region. The radicals produced by irradiation of γ-rays or ultraviolet light on these etched samples in vacuum at liquid nitrogen temperature were investigated by the ESR method. A triplet spectrum in addition to the original spectrum of polypropylene radicals was separated for the etched samples. It was concluded that this triplet was caused by radical species associated with nitro groups introduced on the surface of the crystalline residues by etching. The difference in the intensity of this triplet among the samples was ascribed to differences in crystalline textures and interpreted in a quantitative way. The concentration of polypropylene radicals corrected for the triplet differed among the quenched, annealed, and cold-drawn samples and the sample annealed one after drawing. This fact was interpreted on the basis of the hypothesis that radical sites were almost concentrated in the defects of crystal domain. The well known nonet spectrum, which can be observed at liquid nitrogen temperature after annealing the irradiated samples at room temperature, was also confirmed to be attributable to the defects of crystals. The behavior of free methyl radicals induced by ultraviolet irradiation was also found to be strongly dependent on the state of aggregation of the polymer molecules.     

Synthesis of a New NIR Fluorescent Nd Complex Labeling Agent

Fluorescent analysis has been widely used in biological, chemical and analytical research. A useful fluorescent labeling agent should include NIR emission, a large Stoke’s shift, and good labeling ability without interfering with the pharmacological profile of the labeled compound. Thus, we planned to develop an M-AMF-DOTA(Nd) derivative composed of an NIR fluorescent moiety and a maleimide conjugating moiety as a new NIR fluorescent labeling agent which fulfills these requirements. M-AMF-DOTA(Nd) was synthesized from 4-amino-fluorescein and was conjugated with an avidin molecule (Avidin-AMF-DOTA(Nd)) through Lys-side chains by reaction with 2-iminothiolane. The fluorescent features of M-AMF-DOTA(Nd) and Avidin-AMF-DOTA(Nd) were comparatively evaluated. A binding assay of Avidin-AMF-DOTA(Nd) with D-biotin and a tumor cell-uptake study were performed to estimate the effects of conjugation on the biological and physicochemical features of the protein. M-AMF-DOTA(Nd) was obtained in 22% overall yield. M-AMF-DOTA(Nd) had a typical NIR fluorescence from the Nd ion (880 nm and 900 nm from 488 nm excitation). Avidin-AMF-DOTA(Nd) was easily synthesized and also had typical NIR fluorescence from the Nd ion without loss of fluorescent intensity. The binding affinity of Avidin-AMF-DOTA(Nd) to D-biotin was equivalent to naive avidin. Avidin-AMF-DOTA(Nd) was taken up by tumor cells in the same manner as avidin conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate, an established, widely used fluorescent avidin. Results from this study indicate that M-AMF-DOTA(Nd) is a potential labeling agent for routine NIR fluorescent analysis.     

Giant reduction in dynamic modulus of kappa-carrageenan magnetic gels

Effects of magnetization on the complex modulus of kappa-carrageenan magnetic gels have been investigated. The magnetic gel was made of a natural polymer, kappa-carrageenan, and a ferrimagnetic particle, barium ferrite. The complex modulus was measured before and after magnetization of the gel by dynamic viscoelastic measurements with a compressional strain. The gels showed a giant reduction in the storage modulus of approximately 10(7) Pa and also in the loss modulus of approximately 10(6) Pa due to magnetization. The reduction increased with increasing volume fraction of ferrite, and it was nearly independent of the frequency. It was also found that the change in the modulus was nearly independent of the magnetization direction and irradiation time of the magnetic fields to the gel. The magnetic gels demonstrating the giant reduction in the dynamic modulus showed a large nonlinear viscoelastic response. It was observed that the magnetic gel was deformed slightly due to magnetization. The observed giant complex modulus reduction could be attributed to the nonlinear viscoelasticity and deformation caused by magnetization. Magnetism, nonlinear viscoelasticity, and effects of magnetization on the morphological and shape changes were discussed.     

A systematization of convexity and quasiconvexity concepts for set-valued maps,defined by l-type and u-type preorder relations

Abstract

In this paper, we study different classes of generalized convex/quasiconvex set-valued maps, defined by means of the l-type and u-type preorder relations, currently used in set-valued optimization. In particular, we identify those classes of set-valued maps for which it is possible to extend the classical characterization of convex real-valued functions by quasiconvexity of their affine perturbations.     

Long Time Behavior of the Volume of the Wiener Sausage on Dirichlet Spaces

Potential Analysis - In the present paper, we consider long time behaviors of the volume of the Wiener sausage on Dirichlet spaces. We focus on the volume of the Wiener sausage for diffusion...     

Reconstruction of a penetrable obstacle by complex spherical waves

We consider an inverse acoustic scattering problem for identifying a non-convex penetrable obstacle in three dimensions in a homogeneous medium. We apply the complex geometrical optics solutions with logarithmic phase, which is called complex spherical waves, to reconstruction problem. The reconstruction schemes will be demonstrated in the last section.