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García Ruano JL Gamboa AE Gutiérrez LG Martín Castro AM Rodríguez Ramos JH Yuste F 《Organic letters》2000,2(6):733-736
A new kind of chiral dienophiles, cyclic vinyl-p-tolylsulfilimines (2a and 2b), were obtained from the corresponding (Z)-sulfinylacrylonitriles with HBF(4) and methanol. The asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of optically pure 2a with cyclopentadiene under mild thermal or catalyzed conditions afforded only the endo-4a adduct with complete endo and pi-facial selectivities. The ability of the sulfilimine moiety to enhance the dienophilic reactivity of the double bond is similar to that of the sulfinyl group. 相似文献
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Özge Pala Dirk J Vriens Jac AM Vennix 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》2015,66(4):593-601
Escalation of commitment, the tendency of decision makers to keep on investing in losing courses of action, has been shown to be a costly decision bias that affects many areas of decision making. Even though escalation is a widely studied phenomenon, there has been comparatively little research on how to avoid this bias. The present study focuses on de-escalation of commitment and proposes that causal loop diagrams (CLDs) can help to decrease escalating commitment to a failing course of action. By means of an experiment, this study shows that using a CLD decreases escalation tendencies. 相似文献
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Loo YL Hiszpanski AM Kim B Wei S Chiu CY Steigerwald ML Nuckolls C 《Organic letters》2010,12(21):4840-4843
Fluorinated, contorted hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) have been synthesized in a facile manner via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of fluorinated phenyl boronic acids followed by photocyclization and Scholl cyclization. In addition to the molecular conformation observed in previous HBC derivatives, close-contact fluorine-fluorine intramolecular interactions result in a metastable conformation not previously observed. Heating the metastable HBCs above 100 °C irreversibly converts them to the stable conformation, suggesting that the metastable conformation arises from a kinetically arrested state during cyclization. 相似文献
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Toledano P Figueiredo Neto AM de Sant'Ana ZA 《Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics》2000,61(1):486-492
Experimental investigations of lyotropic cholesterics fluids are presented which show that changes in the shape anisotropy and chirality of the micellar population determine the topology of the temperature-concentration phase diagrams. For given amounts of the substances which induce the chirality and modify the shape anisotropy of the micelles, two distinct biaxial cholesteric phases are disclosed in the phase diagrams. This is interpreted in the framework of the catastrophe theory of phase transitions. 相似文献