Effects of entanglement on the scattering intensity of neutron compton scattering by a proton pair in solids

We calculate scattering functions S(q-->,omega) of neutron Compton scattering (NCS) for a proton (deuteron) pair in the entangled state caused by the indistinguishability of particles. From the calculation, it is concluded that the effect of entanglement on the scattering intensity is undetectable in NCS experiments because of their high energy transfer and broad energy resolution.     

Synthesis of novel fluorescently labeled water-soluble fullerenes and their application to its cellar uptake and distribution properties

Fullerene is a well-known carbon nanomaterial, which can be potentially used for drug manufacture or delivery. Despite several successful examples of utilizing fullerene derivatives as drug candidate materials, their low water solubility under physiological conditions negatively affects the cell penetration efficiency after treatment. In this work, we successfully synthesized two fullerene derivatives with covalently attached fluorescein and boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) fluorophore moieties, which exhibited cellular uptake and intracellular localization. While both fluorophores decreased their fluorescence intensity in the vicinity of fullerene, the cellar uptake of the fluorescein-modified fullerene was detected via fluorescence microscopy observations. Moreover, decreases in the fluorescence intensities of the intact fluorescein and BODIPY species were observed when both fluorophores and fullerene coexisted in aqueous media.     

Genetic algorithm-based design method for multilevel anisotropic diffraction gratings

We developed a method for the design of multilevel anisotropic diffraction gratings based on a genetic algorithm. The method is used to design the multilevel anisotropic diffraction gratings based on input data that represent the output from the required grating. The validity of the proposed method was evaluated by designing a multilevel anisotropic diffraction grating using the outputs from an orthogonal circular polarization grating. The design results corresponded to the orthogonal circular polarization grating structures that were used to provide outputs to act as the input data for the process. Comparison with existing design methods shows that the proposed method can reduce the number of human processes that are required to design multilevel anisotropic diffraction gratings. Additionally, the method will be able to design complex structures without any requirement for subsequent examination by a human designer. The method can contribute to the development of optical elements by designing multilevel anisotropic diffraction gratings.     

High repetition rate laser pulses amplified by Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic amplifier under CW arc-lamp-light pumping

Laser pulses with high repetitive rate generated from a Q-switch microchip Nd:YAG oscillator were amplified by Active mirror composed of Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic pumped by CW arc-lamp. The laser pulses were amplified, and saturation of averaged output laser power was observed. Repetitive ratio of injected laser pulses was changed from 20 to 100 kHz. Averaged output laser power and gain were measured, and gain coefficient and power-extraction efficiency were evaluated. Output laser power was calculated and compared to experimentally measured one, and the calculated results are consistent with the experimental ones. For amplification of laser pulses with high repetitive ratio, this laser material can realize very high laser gain with low pumping power density and high optical-optical conversion efficiency under CW-lamp-light pumping.     

SUSY flavor structure of generic 5D supergravity models

We perform a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the SUSY flavor structure of generic 5D supergravity models on S ¹/Z ₂ with multiple Z ₂-odd vector multiplets that generate multiple moduli. The SUSY flavor problem can be avoided due to contact terms in the 4D effective K?hler potential peculiar to the multi-moduli case. A?detailed phenomenological analysis is provided based on an illustrative model.     

Temperature characteristics of small signal gain for Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic lasers

Thermal dependence on the small signal gain of Nd/Cr:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) ceramics was observed experimentally. Usually, Nd:YAG crystal and ceramics have remarkable gain reduction when optical pumping is performed and the temperature of the laser media is upped to 373 K. A CW laser light generated in a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser oscillator was amplified by Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic amplifier, and the output power was measured at non-saturation level. Laser small signal gain of the ceramic disk was kept to 470 K. This property was remarkably different from one of Nd:YAG crystals or ceramics. The peak shift of the fluorescence was observed experimentally when the temperature is high.     

Micromachining and surface processing of the super-hard nano-polycrystalline diamond by three types of pulsed lasers

Laser beam micromachining was applied to super-hard nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD) synthesized by the direct conversion of graphite at high pressure and high temperature. Three types of pulsed lasers were tested: nanosecond near-infrared, nanosecond near-ultraviolet, and femtosecond near-infrared lasers. The latter two were also applied for synthetic single crystal of diamond to compare the results with those of the NPD. It was demonstrated that the nanosecond near-infrared laser was the most efficient device for rough shaping of the NPD, while the ultraviolet and femtosecond lasers give satisfactory results for precise surface finishing of it. The properties of the laser-processed surfaces were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, laser scanning microscopy, and micro Raman spectroscopy. These analyses demonstrated that the three types of lasers play different and complementary roles, and that their combination is the best suitable solution for micromachining of the hardest diamond into any desired shapes.     

Solitons and Fractal Kerr Response

Optical solitary waves that propagate in a Kerr medium exhibiting a power-law nonlocal response are studied analytically. The first-principles stability analysis based on quantum field theory shows that within the whole range of the exponent (the fractal dimension) the solitary wave can be stabilized.     

An ESR study of NH 3 + , al center and HO2 · radical in alkali feldspars

Paramagnetic centers of NH ₃ ⁺ , Al, and HO₂ · have been observed in alkali feldspars from Aichi prefecture, Japan. The quartet signal has been tentatively ascribed to NH ₃ ⁺ rather than to ·CH₃, although the hyperfine splitting by¹⁴N (I=1) was not observed. The averageg- andA-valuesg _av=2.0033 andA _av ^H =2.45 mT, respectively, were attributed to hydrogen. The powder spectra of Al centers stable up to 400 K were simulated by the anisotropicg factors ofg _zz =2.060,g _xx =2.0014,g _yy=2.0021 andA=0.9 mT. Newly discovered HO₂ · is stable up to 570 K. The intensities of the spectra from NH ₃ ⁺ and Al centers were enhanced by gamma-ray irradiation, while that of HO₂ · was not enhanced. Production efficiency,G-value (radical/100 eV) of NH ₃ ⁺ has been obtained to beG=0.01. These results suggest that ESR dating of feldspars is possible.     

Optical testing of star sensor (II): Alignment of star sensor from off-line pictures taken in orbital test

Alignment error of an image sensor relative to the optical axis of a star sensor head and alignment errors between four heads were calculated from pictures taken in an orbital experiment. When comparing the image sensor alignment parameters in the orbital test and a ground test, both values matched well. By determining the relative relationship of the four heads using four pictures taken at the same moment in orbit and uploading the parameters to the star sensor system in orbit, the estimated attitude error was improved from 0.29 to 0.17°, though the accuracy was limited by the ±0.2° determination accuracy of the satellite itself. We estimated the attitude determination accuracy from separation angles between boresights of the four heads, calculated from pattern matching between downloaded pictures and a star catalogue. The estimated accuracy, in terms of potential optical performance, was 0.60 arcmin at 3σ, which is sufficient to satisfy the specification of 1 arcmin.