Competitive photoinduced electron transfer by the complex formation of porphyrin with cyclodextrin bearing viologen

Photoinduced electron transfer between a porphyrin and a new guest cyclodextrin bearing viologen occurs by a supramolecular formation with conformational change of a guest molecule.     

Small-angle X-ray scattering from a dual-component organogel to exhibit a charge transfer interaction

The structure of a dual-component organogel consisting of methyl 4,6-O-(p-aminobenzylidene)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and methyl 4,6-O-(p-nitrobenzylidene)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside in diphenyl ether was investigated with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The individual components gelatinized the solvent to yield a colorless gel and the gel fiber consisted of the crystal, providing the crystalline peaks at the same diffraction angles as those of the solid samples. When the components were mixed in equimolar ratio and dissolved in diphenyl ether, a yellow gel was formed and the crystalline peaks disappeared. For all compositions, the SAXS profiles were well fitted by a cylinder model. The cross-sectional radius of gyration, r(c), was determined from the cross-sectional Guinier plot (qI vs q(2), where I and q are the scattering intensity and the magnitude of the scattering vector). The value of r(c) reached a minimum of 3.0 nm at the equimolar composition. By correcting the data for the thermal scattering background, we obtained the entire SAXS profile for the equimolar dual-component gel. From this profile, the radial electron density distribution was determined and the radius of the cylinder was estimated to be 2.6 nm. The electron density distribution thus obtained revealed that four gelator molecules are packed in the sectional direction. This model was consistent with the size of the gelator molecules.     

Dissolved states of ionene polymers in water-acetone and their relation to the ionic partial molar adiabatic compressibility and volume

Solution properties of water-soluble synthetic polymer, 3,3-ionene and 6,6-ionene chloride and bromide disolved in water-acetone mixtures up to acetone content 50 wt% were investigated. Their partial molar volumes V ₂ ^o and partial molar adiabatic compressibilities K _s ^o were determined. Ionic additivity of V ₂ ^o with respect to the cation of backbone polymer chain and the counter-anion was confirmed quantitatively. The ionic additivity of V ₂ ^o is discussed along with the K _s ^o in their relation to the counterion binding of ionene polymers. Effects of ionic sites on the ionene are strong but they don't break the solvation layer.     

Chemoselective hydrogenation using molecular sieves-supported Pd catalysts: Pd/MS3A and Pd/MS5A

Palladium catalysts embedded on molecular sieves (MS3A and MS5A) were prepared by the adsorption of Pd(OAc)₂ onto molecular sieves with its in situ reduction to Pd⁰ by MeOH as a reducing agent and solvent. 0.5% Pd/MS3A and 0.5% Pd/MS5A catalyzed the hydrogenation of alkynes, alkenes, and azides with a variety of coexisting reducible functionalities, such as nitro group, intact. It is noteworthy that terminal alkenes of styrene derivatives possessing electron-donating functionalities on the benzene nucleus were never hydrogenated under 0.5% Pd/MS5A-catalyzed conditions, while internal alkenes of 1-propenylbenzene derivatives were readily reduced to the corresponding alkanes.     

Orthogonal nonnegative matrix tri-factorization based on Tweedie distributions

Advances in Data Analysis and Classification - Orthogonal nonnegative matrix tri-factorization (ONMTF) is a biclustering method using a given nonnegative data matrix and has been applied to...     

Partial molar volumes and partial molar adiabatic compressibilities of bipyridine and phenanthroline complexes with Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) and chlorides of these metals

Densities and ultrasonic velocities were measured at 25°C for aqueous solutions of bipyridine and phenanthroline complexes [M(bpy)₃]Cl₂ and [M(phen)₃]Cl₂ (M=Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, bpy=2,2-bipyridine, and phen=1,10-phenanthroline), and chlorides of these metals. The partial molar volumes V ₂ ^o and partial molar adiabatic compressibilities K _s ^o were calculated. For the complex ions, [M(bpy)₃]²⁺ and [M(phen)₃]²⁺, electrostatic interactions with the solvent are not nearly as important as effects due to the hydrophobic ligands bpy and phen. The relationship between V ₂ ^o and K _s ^o of the complex ions and common metal ions are examined.     

Deterministic LOCC transformation of three-qubit pure states and entanglement transfer

A necessary and sufficient condition of the possibility of a deterministic local operations and classical communication (LOCC) transformation of three-qubit pure states is given. The condition shows that the three-qubit pure states are a partially ordered set parametrized by five well-known entanglement parameters and a novel parameter; the five are the concurrences C_AB$C_{AB}$, C_AC$C_{AC}$, C_BC$C_{BC}$, the tangle τ_ABC${\tau }_{ABC}$ and the fifth parameter J₅$J_5$ of Acín et al. (2000) Ref. [19], while the other new one is the entanglement charge Q_e$Q_{\text{e}}$. The order of the partially ordered set is defined by the possibility of a deterministic LOCC transformation from a state to another state. In this sense, the present condition is an extension of Nielsen’s work (Nielsen (1999) [14]) to three-qubit pure states. We also clarify the rules of transfer and dissipation of the entanglement which is caused by deterministic LOCC transformations. Moreover, the minimum number of times of measurements to reproduce an arbitrary deterministic LOCC transformation between three-qubit pure states is given.     

Effects of Contrast and Character Size upon Legibility of Japanese Text Stimuli Presented on Visual Display Terminal

We examined effects of contrast and character size upon legibility of Japanese text stimuli presented on visual display terminal (VDT). In the experiment, three different character sizes were employed and the text stimulus was presented under a variety of conditions where contrast between the text and the background changed. Reading speed and the rate of readable characters were measured. Subjective rating for legibility was also evaluated. Results showed that legibility increases with luminance contrast for all character sizes examined here. A strong correlation was found between the subjective rating index and reading speed.