Liquidly process in femtosecond laser processing

Nano-sized water-crown like structure in array was firstly generated on metallic thin film by interfering femtosecond laser processing. We named the structure as “nanocrown”. Ridges are standing on the edge of each ablated hole. The shapes of ridges are spike, nano-waterdrop and bead on column. The radius of the top of a spike was just 7 nm, which is far smaller than that of nanobump generated in the previous work. The self-rising in liquidly process result in the generation of mesoscopic nanostructure with the size between nanohorn or nanotube and micron structures processed by machining or lithography. This is a new surface modification technique in top-down technology.     

Heterogeneously Hybridized Porous Coordination Polymer Crystals: Fabrication of Heterometallic Core–Shell Single Crystals with an In‐Plane Rotational Epitaxial Relationship

MOF on MOF: Core–shell porous coordination polymer (PCP) crystals are fabricated at the single‐crystal level by epitaxial growth in solution. Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction measurements unveiled the structural relationship between the shell crystal and the core crystal, where in‐plane rotational epitaxial growth compensates the difference in lattice constant.

     

Systematic mechanochemical preparation of a series of coordination pillared layer frameworks

A detailed investigation into the mechanochemical synthesis of coordination pillared-layer frameworks (CPLs), particularly CPL-1, was carried out. In the case of CPL-1, a two-step reaction was observed (from the starting reactants to the final product). In the conventional solution process, no intermediate state was detected. We found that moisture is essential in both the reaction steps. After the final product was washed, it showed the same sorption ability as the product prepared from a solution process. We further demonstrated the systematic preparation of other CPLs (CPL-2, 3, 4, 5, and 15) by the mechanochemical method under humid conditions, even though some of the ligands are almost insoluble in water. Our findings indicate that mechanochemical synthesis is a promising alternative method for the systematic and large-scale production of PCPs. Its advantages include the following: reduced pollution, low cost, simplicity of the process, ease of handling, efficient reaction rate, selectivity, and the issue of low solubility of reactants is overcome.     

Some Mathematical Aspects of Quantum Zeno Effect

Mathematical investigations on quantum Zeno effect (QZE) are presented, including the following aspects: (i) QZE by frequent measurements made by an arbitrary partition of a time interval [0,?t] (t?>?0); (ii) non-occurrence of QZE for vector states which are not in the domain of the Hamiltonian of the quantum system under consideration; and (iii) asymptotic behavior of the survival probability characterizing QZE in the number N of divisions of [0,?t]; and (iv) QZE along a curve in the Hilbert space of state vectors.     

Benzylic oxygenation of alkylarenes with molecular oxygen in the presence of activated carbon

A variety of alkylarenes such as fluorenes, xanthenes, and anthrone were effectively oxygenated to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with molecular oxygen as oxidant in the presence of activated carbon.     

Distribution of Butane in the Host Water Cage of Structure II Clathrate Hydrates

To understand host–guest interactions of hydrocarbon clathrate hydrates, we investigated the crystal structure of simple and binary clathrate hydrates including butane (n‐C₄H₁₀ or iso‐C₄H₁₀) as the guest. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis using the information on the conformation of C₄H₁₀ molecules obtained by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was performed. It was shown that the guest n‐C₄H₁₀ molecule tends to change to the gauche conformation within host water cages. Any distortion of the large 5¹²6⁴ cage and empty 5¹² cage for the simple iso‐C₄H₁₀ hydrate was not detected, and it was revealed that dynamic disorder of iso‐C₄H₁₀ and gauche‐nC₄H₁₀ were spherically extended within the large 5¹²6⁴ cages. It was indicated that structural isomers of hydrocarbon molecules with different van der Waals diameters are enclathrated within water cages in the same way owing to conformational change and dynamic disorder of the molecules. Furthermore, these results show that the method reported herein is applicable to structure analysis of other host–guest materials including guest molecules that could change molecular conformations.     

Analysis of triacylglycerol hydroperoxides in human lipoproteins by Orbitrap mass spectrometer

Herein, we represent a simple method for the detection and characterization of molecular species of triacylglycerol monohydroperoxides (TGOOH) in biological samples by use of reversed-phase liquid chromatography with a LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer (LC/LTQ Orbitrap) via an electrospray ionization source. Data were acquired using high-resolution, high-mass accuracy in Fourier-transform mode. Platform performance, related to the identification of TGOOH in human lipoproteins and plasma, was estimated using extracted ion chromatograms with mass tolerance windows of 5 ppm. Native low-density lipoproteins (nLDL) and native high-density lipoproteins (nHDL) from a healthy donor were oxidized by CuSO₄ to generate oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and oxidized HDL (oxHDL). No TGOOH molecular species were detected in the nLDL and nHDL, whereas 11 species of TGOOH molecules were detected in the oxLDL and oxHDL. In positive-ion mode, TGOOH was found as [M + NH₄]⁺. In negative-ion mode, TGOOH was observed as [M + CH₃COO]^–. TGOOH was more easily ionized in positive-ion mode than in negative-ion mode. The LC/LTQ Orbitrap method was applied to human plasma and three molecular species of TGOOH were detected. The limit of detection is 0.1 pmol (S/N?=?10:1) for each synthesized TGOOH.

The role of a liquid crystal oligomer in stabilizing blue phases

A novel liquid crystal oligomer, 4‐(4‐cyanophenyl)phenyl 4‐octyloxy‐2‐{7‐{4‐[4‐(4‐hexylphenyl)‐2,3‐difluorophenyl]phenyloxy}heptanoyloxy}benzoate, was prepared and found to exhibit a wide temperature range of a nematic phase in spite of being far from a rod‐like structure. Furthermore, the compound induced blue phases in the mixture with a chiral smectic liquid crystal. The molecular shape and its 2,3‐difluorophenyl unit play a role in stabilizing the blue phases.     

Jam formation in traffic flow on a highway with some slowdown sections

We study the traffic jams appearing on a single-lane highway with a few slowdown sections. At low density, the flow (current) increases linearly with density, while it saturates at some values of intermediate density. In such case that some slowdown sections have the same speed limit, when the flow begins to saturate, a single discontinuous front (stationary shock wave) occurs before a slowdown section or some discontinuous fronts appear before some slowdown sections. For the case of different speed limits, the discontinuous front occurs before the section of strongest slowdown. The saturated flow is given by the maximal value of the current of the strongest slowdown section. The relationship between the densities is derived before and after the discontinuity. The dependence of jam lengths on density is derived numerically and analytically.     

57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopic studies on the mixed-valence states of oxo-centered trinuclear iron(II,III, III) complexes with fatty acid anions

Oxo-Centered mixed-valence trinuclear Iron butyrates, [Fe₃O(C₃H₇CO₂)₆(py)₃]·x(py); x=0, 1, were newly synthesized and their Mössbauer spectra were determined. The temperature dependent mixed-valence state was observed in both the pyridine-solvated and the non-solvated complexes.