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81.
The oxygen ion conductivity of Y2O3---Nb2O5 with a fluorite-like structure was studied. Substitutional solid solutions of Nb2 O5 in Y2O3 lattice formed the defect fluorite phase and remarkably enhanced the oxygen ion conductivity. Doping with tetravalent cations, especially Ti4+ or Ce4+, in yttria-niobia oxide is effective in enhancing the oxygen ion conductivity. Although the n-type semiconducting property appeared below PO2 = 10−18 atm at 1243 K, the yttria-niobia mixed oxide doped with Ce4+, Ti4+, and Zr4+ stably exhibited oxygen-ion conduction in the wide range of oxygen partial pressures studied. 相似文献
82.
The transfer of F- ion assisted by an organometallic complex cation tetraphenylantimony (TPhSb+) across the polarized nitrobenzene / water (NB / W) interface has been studied by means of ion-transfer voltammetry. A well-defined voltammetric wave was observed within the potential window at the NB / W interface when tetraphenylantimony tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate and F- ion were present in NB and W, respectively. The voltammogram can be interpreted as being due to the reversible transfer of F- ion assisted by the formation of the TPhSbF complex through the coordination of F- to Sb atom in NB. The formal formation constant of TPhSbF in NB has been determined to be 10(1.95 +/- 0.2 M(-1). No voltammetric wave due to the TPhSb(+)-assisted transfer of other anions such as Cl-, Br, I-, NO3-, CH3COO- and H2PO4(-) ions has been observed within the potential window. 相似文献
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85.
Toshihide Tsukatani Hajime Katano Hirosuke Tatsumi Mika Deguchi Naoki Hirayama 《Analytical sciences》2006,22(2):199-200
The tetraoctylammonium cation forms water-immiscible room temperature ionic liquids with dodecylsulfate and dodecylbenzenesulfonate anions. The ionic liquids are halogen-free and can be considered environmentally friendly solvents. At 25 degrees C, the solubilities of water in tetraoctylammonium dodecylsulfate and tetraoctylammonium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were 2.8 and 4.0%, respectively, and the densities were 0.92 and 0.93 g cm(-3). The ionic liquids formed stable interfaces with water at 25 degrees C. The possible use of tetraoctylammonium dodecylsulfate as chelate extraction solvent was evaluated by using 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione as extractant. Tetraoctylammonium dodecylsulfate showed high extraction performance for divalent transition metal cations. 相似文献
86.
Low-melting, low-viscous, hydrophobic ionic liquids: aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts with perfluoroalkyltrifluoroborates 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A novel class of low-melting, hydrophobic ionic liquids based on relatively small aliphatic quaternary ammonium cations ([R(1)R(2)R(3)NR](+), wherein R(1), R(2), R(3) = CH(3) or C(2)H(5), R = n-C(3)H(7), n-C(4)H(9), CH(2)CH(2)OCH(3)) and perfluoroalkyltrifluoroborate anions ([R(F)BF(3)](-), R(F) = CF(3), C(2)F(5), n-C(3)F(7), n-C(4)F(9)) have been prepared and characterized. The important physicochemical and electrochemical properties of these salts, including melting point, glass transition, viscosity, density, ionic conductivity, thermal and electrochemical stability, have been determined and comparatively studied with those based on the corresponding [BF(4)](-) and [(CF(3)SO(2))(2)N](-) salts. The influence of the structure variation in the quaternary ammonium cation and perfluoroalkyltrifluoroborate ([R(F)BF(3)](-)) anion on the above physicochemical properties is discussed. Most of these salts are liquids at 25 degrees C and exhibit low viscosities (58-210 cP at 25 degrees C) and moderate conductivities (1.1-3.8 mS cm(-1)). The electrochemical windows of these salts are much larger than those of the corresponding 1,3-dialkyimidazolium salts. Additionally, a number of [R(F)BF(3)](-) salts exhibit plastic crystal behavior. 相似文献
87.
Three transition metal cyanoimido (NCN2-) complexes, (Cp*WS2)2(mu-NCN) (1) (Cp* = eta 5-C5Me5), K[(Cp*WS2)2(NCN)] (2) and ([bipy)2Co]2(mu-NCN)2)(ClO4)2 (3), were synthesized from dipotassium cyanamide, and their structures were determined. 相似文献
88.
The perturbation theory of Murrell, Randi and Williams for intermolecular interaction has been combined with the assumption of local zero-differential overlaps. The theory has been applied to the cycloadditions of singlet methylene and halocarbenes toward olefins. The results, obtained by use of the CNDO/2 energies and wave functions for isolated molecules, quantitatively assess the roles of various types of energies influencing the stereochemical courses of reaction. The syn/anti stereoselectivities of halocarbenes in their cycloadditions toward cis-butene-2 are found to be governed by the Coulombic, dispersion, charge-transfer and exchange-repulsion energies altogether. Participation of the d orbitals of the chlorine atom in charge transfer is emphasized.
Zusammenfassung Die Störungsrechnung von Murrell, Randic und Williams für intermolekulare Wechselwirkung wurde in Verbindung mit der Annahme von lokalen ZDO zur Berechnung der Cycloaddition von Singulett-Methylen oder -Halogencarbenen an Olefine angewendet. Die Resultate, die über die CNDO/2-Ergebnisse für die isolierten Moleküle erhalten wurden, lassen die Rolle der einzelnen Energieanteile erkennen, die die Stereochemie der Reaktion beeinflussen. Die syn/anti-Stereoselektivität der Halogencarbene gegenüber cis-2-Buten wird durch die Coulomb-, Dispersions-, Charge-transfer- und Austausch-Wechselwirkung gemeinsam bestimmt. Auch die d-Orbitale von Chlor sind für den Charge transfer von Bedeutung.相似文献
89.
Se Ahn Song Tatsumi Hirano Jong Bong Park Kazutoshi Kaji Ki Hong Kim Shohei Terada 《Microscopy and microanalysis》2005,11(5):431-445
Practical analyses of the structures of ultrathin multilayers in tunneling magneto resistance (TMR) and Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) devices have been a challenging task because layers are very thin, just 1-2 nm thick. Particularly, the thinness (approximately 1 nm) and chemical properties of the AlOx barrier layer are critical to its magnetic tunneling property. We focused on evaluating the current TEM analytical methods by measuring the thickness and composition of an AlOx layer using several TEM instruments, that is, a round robin test, and cross-checked the thickness results with an X-ray reflectometry (XRR) method. The thickness measured by using HRTEM, HAADF-STEM, and zero-loss images was 1.1 nm, which agreed with the results from the XRR method. On the other hand, TEM-EELS measurements showed 1.8 nm for an oxygen 2D-EELS image and 3.0 nm for an oxygen spatially resolved EELS image, whereas the STEM-EDS line profile showed 2.5 nm in thickness. However, after improving the TEM-EELS measurements by acquiring time-resolved images, the measured thickness of the AlOx layer was improved from 1.8 nm to 1.4 nm for the oxygen 2D-EELS image and from 3.0 nm to 2.0 nm for the spatially resolved EELS image, respectively. Also the observed thickness from the EDS line profile was improved to 1.4 nm after more careful optimization of the experimental parameters. We found that EELS and EDS of one-dimensional line scans or two-dimensional elemental mapping gave a larger AlOx thickness even though much care was taken. The reasons for larger measured values can be found from several factors such as sample drift, beam damage, probe size, beam delocalization, and multiple scattering for the EDS images, and chromatic aberration, diffraction limit due to the aperture, delocalization, alignment between layered direction in samples, and energy dispersion direction in the EELS instrument for EELS images. In the case of STEM-EDS mapping with focused nanoprobes, it is always necessary to reduce beam damage and sample drift while trying to maintain the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio as high as possible. Also we confirmed that the time-resolved TEM-EELS acquisition technique improves S/N ratios of elemental maps without blurring the images. 相似文献
90.
Inside Cover: Supramolecular Porphyrin‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks with Fullerenes: Crystal Structures and Preferential Intercalation of C70 (Chem. Asian J. 5/2016)
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