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101.
In this study, we performed three breath tests - l-[1-(13)C ]phenylalanine breath test (PBT), l-[1-(13)C ] methionine breath test, and [(13)C]methacetin breath test (MethaBT) - in patients with chronic liver disease to determine the optimal timing of expired air collection for diagnosing chronic liver disease and evaluating the grade of fibrosis. The subjects were 61 adults with normal livers, 98 chronic hepatitis patients, and 91 liver cirrhosis patients. We investigated the relationships of breath test results with routine biochemical tests and the Child-Pugh score, as well as the diagnostic capacities of the breath tests for liver dysfunction/cirrhosis and grade of liver fibrosis. For the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and correlations with liver fibrosis, the accuracy of the PBT at 30 min (PBT30) was similar to that of the MethaBT at 15 min (Metha15). For liver function assessment by two-point measurement with (13)C breath tests, we recommend the PBT30 and the Metha15. 相似文献
102.
103.
Ryo Murashige Yuka HayashiSyo Ohmori Ayuko ToriiYoko Aizu Yasuyuki MutoYuta Murai Yuji OdaMakoto Hashimoto 《Tetrahedron》2011,67(3):641-649
Reactions involving phenol derivatives and acyl chlorides have to be controlled for competitive O-acylations and C-acylations (Friedel-Crafts acylations and Fries rearrangements) in acidic condition. The extent for these reactions in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH), which is used as catalyst and solvent, is examined. Although diluted TfOH was needed for effective O-acylation, concentrated TfOH was required for effective C-acylations in mild condition. These results have been applied to the novel synthesis of homotyrosine derivatives. Both Fries rearrangement of N-TFA-Asp(OBn)-OMe and Friedel-Crafts acylation of phenol with N-TFA-Asp(Cl)-OMe in TfOH afforded the homotyrosine skeleton, followed by reduction and deprotection afforded homotyrosines maintaining stereochemistry of Asp as an optically pure form. 相似文献
104.
Hiroshi Onoue Masayuki Narisada Shoichiro Uyeo Hiromu Matsumura Kyo Okada Toshisada Yano Wataru Nagata 《Tetrahedron letters》1979,20(40):3867-3870
Allylazetidinones , , prepared by coupling of allylcoppers with chloroazetidinones , , were converted into carbapenem esters , – using an Emmons-Horner reaction to introduce the 6-side chain and an intramolecular Wittig reaction to form the carbapenem ring system. 相似文献
105.
106.
107.
The INDO calculations were performed on the three azines: pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine. The cannonical molecular orbitais obtained by these calculations were then transformed into the localized molecular orbitals. With the use of the localized molecular orbitals, the variation in the lone-pair orbital energies of these molecules were pursued in the light of the through-space and/or the through-bond interactions between the specified localized molecular orbitals in a molecule selectively. The interactions were expressed by the summation of several terms: through-space, through-bond, through-virtuals and coupling terms. 相似文献
108.
109.
Gensei Teramoto Takafumi Oda Hiromu Saito Hironari Sano Yuji Fujita 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(14):2738-2746
We investigated the crystalline morphology of isotactic polypropylene obtained by melt crystallization under carbon dioxide (CO2) at various pressures. Spherulites consisting of regularly arranged fibrils without subsidiary lamellae were obtained by crystallization under CO2 below 2 MPa, whereas large spherulites consisting of irregularly arranged fibrils with subsidiary lamellae were obtained under ambient pressure. Distorted domain crystals with uniform optical anisotropy consisting of α‐form were found to be obtained under CO2 above 2 MPa, and needle crystals consisting of γ‐form were obtained above 12 MPa. Transmission electron micrographs showed that straight and thick lamellae are regularly arranged in both the distorted domain crystals and the needle crystals. The uniformly thick lamellae were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry thermograms; that is, the melting temperature is higher and the melting peak is sharper than those obtained under ambient pressure. Such characteristic crystalline morphologies obtained under CO2 may be attributed to local ordering in the melt state. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2738–2746, 2004 相似文献
110.
Cobalt carbonyl catalysed reaction of HSiMe3 with aromatic nitriles having various functional groups provided a novel route to -disilylamines. 相似文献