Branching ratio for preionization and predissociation of a superexcited state of a diatomic molecule

The branching ratio for preionization and predissociation is studied qualitatively on the basis of a previously proposed simplisitc classical probabilistic model of the superexcited states of molecules. The isotope effect is also discussed.     

Ultrasonic relaxation and volumetric studies of micelle-monomer exchange process in aqueous solutions of sodium and cesium perfluorooctanoates

Ultrasonic absorption measurements of aqueous solutions of sodium perfluorooctanoate (SPFO) and of cesium perfluorooctanoate (CsPFO) were carried out in the frequency range 0.2–90 MHz at 25°C. A single ultrasonic relaxation process is observed in all solutions investigated. The observed relaxation process should be ascribed to a “fast” relaxation process due to an exchange of surfactant monomer between micelle and bulk solution. The mean dissociation rate constant and the magnitude of the volume difference due to the exchange process are determined by applying the relations derived by Aniansson and Wall and by Teubner, respectively. The ratio of the aggregation number of the micelle to the mean dissociation rate constant is reduced to about one-half and the volume difference decreases when the counterion of the perfluorooctanoate changes from Na⁺ to Cs⁺. Precise density measurements were also carried out to support information obtained from the ultrasonic relaxation study. Magnitudes of the volume difference estimated from the two independent studies above are in approximate agreement with each other. However, the volume difference determined from the density measurements is slightly larger than that determined by ultrasonic study and almost independent of the species of the counterion.     

Appreciation of a collisional-radiative model for the description of an inductively coupled argon plasma

The collisional-radiative model has been applied to the argon ICP discharge in order to elucidate the excitation mechanism in the plasma. The population density distributions of 25 argon energy levels were calculated under a steady-state approximation by using the literature values of electron number density, 5 × 10 ¹⁴cm^?3 and electron temperature, 9000 K. In the case of an optically thin plasma, in which the induced absorption can be neglected, the calculated population densities showed an overpopulation for low lying states, and were very close to LTE values for the upper levels. These results suggest the following excitation mechanisms in the argon ICP; corona model for lower levels and ladder-like excitation and ionization by electron impact for upper levels. According to the present calculation, the non-overpopulation of argon metastable can be interpreted by the interconversion between metastable and radiative states. It has been found that the induced absorption of resonance lines in an optically thick plasma and the motion of species in an inhomogeneous plasma have significant effects on the population densities. The non-linear processes by collision between heavy particles were not predominant compared to electron impact processes.     

Na3Ca2TaO6, a rock‐salt superstructure phase with a fully ordered cation arrangement

The title quaternary oxide, trisodium dicalcium tantalum hexaoxide, is isostructural with Li₃Ni₂TaO₆, a partially ordered rock‐salt phase. The Na, Ca and Ta atoms occupy octahedral sites in an orderly manner and form a cation‐ordered superstructure.     

Powers of positive elements in C*‐algebras

In this paper, we show that Ogasawa’s theorem has a proof in Bishop style constructive mathematics (BISH). In 25 , we introduced the elementary constructive theory of C*‐algebras in BISH, but we did not discuss the powers of positive elements there. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim     

Effect of N‐methyl amide linkage on hydrogen bonding behavior and water transport properties of partially N‐methylated random aromatic copolyamides

The synthesis, conformational preferences, hydrogen bonding behaviors, and membrane properties of new partially N‐methylated random aromatic copolyamides were reported. These copolyamides were prepared by the low temperature polycondensations of isophthaloyl chloride with 3,5‐diaminobenzoic acid, N,N'‐dimethyl‐4,4'‐diaminodiphenyl ether (MDAE), and 4,4'‐diaminodiphenyl ether. The incorporation of the N‐methyl amide linkages into the polymer backbone decreased the contents of the cis conformation in the N‐methyl amide linkages and suppressed the hydrogen bondings among the amide linkages. Furthermore, the surface hydrophilicity of the copolyamides evaluated by water contact angle measurements decreased with increasing the MDAE unit in the polymer backbone. These experimental results indicated that the suppression of the hydrogen bonding and the existence of the tertiary amide linkage in the cis conformation induced the loose packing of the polymer chains. As a result, the incorporation of the N‐methyl amide linkage increased water flux and decreased salt rejection. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 3453–3462     

Determination of Fusarium mycotoxins by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry coupled with immunoaffinity extraction

A method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of deoxynivalenol (DON), T‐2 toxin (T‐2), HT‐2 toxin (HT‐2) and zearalenone (ZEN) in wheat and biscuit by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) coupled with immunoaffinity extraction is described. A clean‐up was carried out using a DZT MS‐PREP® immunoaffinity column (IAC), and the effect of the sample dilution rate and sample loading was investigated. Furthermore, the effects of ion suppression of a multifunctional column (MFC) and the IAC in the clean‐up were compared. The results with the DZT MS‐PREP® IAC showed that it is possible to make the sample dilution rate low, and indicated a higher solvent‐tolerance than usual with an IAC. Sample loading was optimized at 0.25 g. Ion suppression was lowered by purification of the toxins using the DZT MS‐PREP® IAC. Recoveries of each mycotoxin from wheat and biscuit samples spiked at two levels ranged from 78 to 109%. The limits of detection in wheat and biscuit was in the range of 0.03–0.33 ng·g^?1. From these studies, it is suggested that use of an IAC is effective in the clean‐up of each mycotoxin, and, when combined with LC/ESI‐MS/MS, it is good for the determination of mycotoxins in foodstuffs due to its rapidity and high sensitivity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Classifying Dense Resolving and Coresolving Subcategories of Exact Categories Via Grothendieck Groups

Classification problems of subcategories have been deeply considered so far. In this paper, we discuss classifying dense resolving and dense coresolving subcategories of exact categories via their Grothendieck groups. This study is motivated by the classification of dense triangulated subcategories of triangulated categories due to Thomason.