Measurement of the group refractive index of air by two-wavelength interferometry

The group refractive index of air at 3.44 μm is directly measured with an accuracy of 2 × 10^-7 using two-wavelength simultaneous interferometry with a 3.51- and 3.37-μm simultaneous operation He-Xe laser.     

Boolean Valued and Stone Algebra Valued Measure Theories

In conventional generalization of the main results of classical measure theory to Stone algebra valued measures, the values that measures and functions can take are Booleanized, while the classical notion of a σ-field is retained. The main purpose of this paper is to show by abundace of illustrations that if we agree to Booleanize the notion of a σ-field as well, then all the glorious legacy of classical measure theory is preserved completely. Mathematics Subject Classification: 03C90, 28B15.     

Measurement of Fluorescence Quantum Yield of Ultraviolet-Absorbing Substance Extracted from Red Alga: Porphyra yezoensis and its Photothermal Spectroscopy

Optical properties of an ultraviolet-absorbing substance (UVAS) extracted from the marine red alga, Porphyra yezoensis, have been investigated. The substance is excited by UV light, and the emitted fluorescence is detected using an intelligent fluorescence detector. The fluorescence of UVAS is weaker by four orders of magnitude than the fluorescence intensity emitted by anthracene in the same optical system. The absorbed energy is apparently not transferred to the photosynthesis process and is believed to be consumed as heat. Using photothermal spectroscopy, a signal is observed indicating that the absorbed photon energy has transferred to the heat. The waveform of the photothermal signal of UVAS is similar to that of quinoxaline, whose fluorescence quantum yield is known to be zero. It is determined that the fluorescence quantum yield and the energy of the triplet state of UVAS are 1.7 ± 0.7 ± 10⁻⁴ and 21000 ± 1000 cm ⁻¹, respectively. The conclusion is that the excited molecules of UVAS decay by passing through the triplet state and dissipate all absorbed energy as heat.     

Synthesis of N-cyano monoaza crown ethers

N-Cyano monoaza crown ethers were prepared by the reaction of cyanamide with oligoethylene glycol dichlorides or ditosylates in the NaH/DMSO reaction system and led to the derivatives.     

Air-assisted addition of grignard reagents to olefins. A simple protocol for a three-component coupling process yielding alcohols

Silylmethyl, tertiary-alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl Grignard reagents underwent intermolecular addition to olefins, such as styrenes, conjugated dienes, and enynes under an air atmosphere to give homologated alcohols. For example, (trimethylsilyl)methylmagnesium chloride and alpha-methylstyrene in ether at room temperature under dry air directly furnished 2-phenyl-4-(trimethylsilyl)-2-butanol in good yield. As the Grignard addition to olefins under argon with rigorous exclusion of O2 did not proceed at all, the above reaction should involve a radical mechanism: an alkyl radical generated by the aerial oxidation of the Grignard reagent adds to olefin, which is followed by oxygenation. Representative examples of this transformation, where products were obtained in good to excellent diastereo- or regioselectivity, are also disclosed.