Holographic reconstruction with a 10- mum pixel-pitch reflective liquid-crystal display by use of a light-emitting diode reference light

We reconstructed an animation made from computer-generated holograms with a reflective LCD panel that had a pixel pitch of 10 mumx10 mum and resolution of 1400x1050 . Using a LED as the reference light, we could clearly observe three-dimensional images whose size was approximately 30 mmx10 mm x30 mm . Moreover, we reconstructed a color holograph by use of a simple system with a set of red, green, and blue LEDs as the reference light.     

Internal modes and the local symmetry of PO4 tetrahedra in K(H1−xDx)2PO4 by Raman scattering

The v₃ and v₄ internal modes of PO^3?₄ tetrahedra are observable in KH₂PO₄ even above the transition temperature in the scattering geometry x(zz)y contrary to the selection rule of the site symmetry S₄ in the D_2d space group. Tominaga et al. discussed that the origin of this broken selection rule is due to the momentary site symmetry C₂ of these tetrahedra, and that the mechanism of the phase transition is of the order-disorder type of these distorted tetrahedra. Parallel studies compatible with their results have been carried out on mixed crystals K(H_1?xD_x)₂PO₄ and the same conclusion has been obtained as to the momentary site symmetry. These internal modes increase in intensity with deuteration, and the origin of this increase is discussed.     

Structure and synthesis of a new hypotensive vasodilator isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens

The structure elucidation and synthesis of WS-1228 A, produced by $\text{Streptomyces aureofaciens}$, were described.     

Selective oxidation of hydroxy groups of phenylthio and phenylseleno alcohols

Various kinds of alcohols bearing phenylthio or phenylseleno moiety were converted into the corresponding carbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields by treating with dimesityl diselenide and $\text{tert}$-butyl hydroperoxide.     

QUANTUM EFFICIENCY FOR THE PHOTOCONVERSION OF BACTERIORHODOPSIN AT VERY LOW TEMPERATURES

Abstract— Quantum efficiencies for photoconversion of bacteriorhodopsin (trans-bR) to a bathochromic product (batho-bR^t) and its photoreversion in purple membrane at 77 and 9 K were investigated with low temperature spectrophotometry. The kinetics of the photoconversion and its photoreversion cannot be expressed by a single exponential curve. The photoconversions at 77 and 9 K showed the same slope in the early stage. The kinetics of the photoreversions were identical at the two temperatures. These results indicate that the quantum efficiencies for the conversion of trans-bR to batho-bR^t or for its photoreversion are identical at the two temperatures.
The fact that the photoreversion cannot be expressed by a single exponential curve suggests the existence of several conformational states of batho-bR^t due to the trimer structure of the purple membrane.     

Numerical results for electron localization with site-diagonal and off-diagonal disorder

Numerical calculations of eigenfunctions and the participation ratio P are carried out for a two-dimensional square lattice where the site diagonal and/or off-diagonal matrix elements of a one-electron Hamiltonian are disordered. We show that, for purely off-diagonal disorder, states near the centre of the band will never be localized but states in the wings of the band are localized. We also see that the combined effects of diagonal and off-diagonal disorder yield several interesting results. Moreover, we confirm that, as suggested by Economou and Antoniou, the mobility-edge surface takes a bottle-neck shape in the three-dimensional space defined by energy E, the degree of diagonal randomness Γ and the degree of off-diagonal randomness V₁.     

Production of doubly charged helium ions by two-photon absorption of an intense sub-10-fs soft x-ray pulse at 42 eV photon energy

We report on the observation of doubly charged helium ions produced by a nonlinear interaction between a helium atom and photons with a photon energy of 42 eV which are generated with the 27th harmonic of a femtosecond pulse from a Ti:sapphire laser. The number of ions is proportional to the square of the intensity of the 27th harmonic pulse, and thus two-photon double ionization should be dominantly induced as compared with other nonlinear processes accompanying sequential ionization via a singly charged ion. This phenomenon is utilized to measure the pulse duration of the 27th harmonic pulse by using an autocorrelation technique, for the first time to our knowledge, and as a result a duration of 8 fs is found.     

Imaging of percolative conduction paths and their breakdown in phase-separated (La1-yPry)0.7Ca0.3MnO3 with y=0.7

Local magnetization and current distribution in (La(1-y)Pr(y))0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (y=0.7) crystals are studied by a magneto-optical (MO) imaging technique. MO images below 120 K visualize inhomogeneous magnetization and conduction paths that manifest the percolative conduction originated from the mesoscopic phase separation into ferromagnetic metals and antiferromagnetic insulators. Application of large amounts of current switches the current distribution from inhomogeneous to homogeneous concomitantly with a steep increase in resistivity. These phenomena are discussed in view of current induced collapse of the phase separation through a local heating.     

Chaotic itinerancy in the oscillator neural network without Lyapunov functions

Chaotic itinerancy (CI), which is defined as an incessant spontaneous switching phenomenon among attractor ruins in deterministic dynamical systems without Lyapunov functions, is numerically studied in the case of an oscillator neural network model. The model is the pseudoinverse-matrix version of the previous model [S. Uchiyama and H. Fujisaka, Phys. Rev. E 65, 061912 (2002)] that was studied theoretically with the aid of statistical neurodynamics. It is found that CI in neural nets can be understood as the intermittent dynamics of weakly destabilized chaotic retrieval solutions.