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41.
While an object is approaching a particular location, we can make an estimate of the time when the object will arrive at that
location. A geometric model predicts that the estimate of time-to-contact (TTC) is greatly improved by using the rate of change
of visual direction of the object when the object is moving with a slow velocity toward a point of nearest approach at a distance
far from the observer. It has been shown that pursuit eye movements provide the rate of change of visual direction of an approaching
object. We conducted psychophysical experiments, and compared TTC estimates during pursuit eye movements to those during fixation.
We found that the differences in TTC estimates between fixation and pursuit show a qualitatively similar pattern to the geometric
model prediction. However, the results also show that the magnitudes of the TTC estimation errors are greater than the theoretical
values from the geometric model, indicating that the human visual system has a perceptual bias in estimating TTC. These results
suggest that the human visual system estimates TTC during pursuit eye movements in a different way from the geometric model,
although the effect of these eye movements on TTC estimates in human performance is qualitatively consistent with the model
prediction. 相似文献
42.
43.
A new sensitive, colorimetric method based on the direct measurement of light-absorption by an ion-exchange resin phase, which has sorbed the sample complex species, has been developed. Determinations ofchromium(VI) with diphenylearbazide, iron(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline, copper with Zincon and cobalt with thiocyanate have more than ten times the sensitivity obtainable with conventional solution colorimetry. The present method can be applied to natural water samples containing very low levels of these metals. 相似文献
44.
45.
Toshio Nakashima Gohsuke Sugihara Michitaka Urushima Hirohiko Waki 《Journal of solution chemistry》1990,19(9):937-944
Ring phosphorus oxoanion, hexapotassium dodecaoxohexaphosphate(III), (DOHP), was hydrolyzed in anion exchangers in order to elucidate the physicochemical state in the solid phase. The hydrolysis of DOHP obeys pseudo first order kinetics as is the case in aqueous solution. The hydrolysis rate constants k were determined as a function of the external solution pH or proton concentration in an anion exchanger. It was estimated from the Donnan equation and from the spectral change of an acid base indicator in the anion exchanger. The difference in k in aqueous and in the anion exchanger phase is discussed. 相似文献
46.
Keiichi Ohtsuka Masahide Kuroki Takahiko Nojima Michinori Waki Shigeori Takenaka 《Analytical sciences》2005,21(3):215-218
A monoclonal antibody for the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was immobilized on a gold chip surface covered by a self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. Upon the addition of CEA, a Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR RAS) measurement showed an increased absorption at around 1500 - 1700 cm(-1), corresponding to its amide structures. Another addition of CEA polyclonal antibody on this chip caused a further increase of the absorption in this region only after a treatment with CEA. This result shows that an antibody-fixed gold surface coupled with an FT-IR RAS measurement provides a new tool for detecting the antibody-antigen interaction. 相似文献
47.
Nobumoto?NagasawaEmail author Shugo?Ikeda Aiko?Shimoda Takeshi?Waki Yoshikazu?Tabata Hiroyuki?Nakamura Hisao?Kobayashi 《Hyperfine Interactions》2016,237(1):39
The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of the single crystalline and the finely ground Sr1?x La x Fe12?y Co y O19 (x = 0 : y = 0, x = 0.192 : y = 0.152 and x = 0.456 : y = 0.225) samples have been measured to investigate the La-Co substitution effects. All observed spectra at 150 K were well fitted using the five subspectra which correspond to the five crystallographical nonequivalent Fe sites in the M-type hexaferrite, indicating that the valence changes to Fe2+ ions in the Fe3+ ions were not observed in our Sr1?x La x Fe12?y Co y O19 samples. In SrFe12O19, the relative absorption intensities in the five subspectra show the large anisotropies in the recoilless fractions at the five Fe sites whereas these anisotropies were not observed in Sr0.544La0.456Fe11.775Co0.225O19. These results indicate the chemical compositional dependence on the anisotropies of the recoilless fractions at the five Fe sites. The substitution of a Co2+ ion for the Fe3+ ion changes the center shifts of the Fe3+ ions near the Co2+ ion by the perturbation of the Fe-O-Co hybridizations. Therefore, the Co2+ ions occupy the 4f 1 and the 4f 2 sites due to the chemical compositional dependences of the refined magnetic hyperfine field and center shifts of the Fe3+ ions. 相似文献
48.
Yamaki M Hoki K Teranishi T Chung WC Pichierri F Kono H Fujimura Y 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2007,111(38):9374-9378
An aromatic hydrocarbon rotor without functional groups is theoretically designed. Such a molecular rotor is free from long-range electrostatic interactions. Induced dipole interactions are the rotor-driving forces under a nonresonant excitation condition. As an example, a molecular rotor with a condensed aromatic ring, a pentacene moiety mounted on a phenyl-acetylene axle that is driven by a circularly polarized electric field is considered. Results of simulations of the quantum dynamics of a rotor that take into account short-range rotor-bath interactions are presented by numerically solving the density matrix equations of the rotational motions. 相似文献
49.
Waki T Nakanishi I Matsumoto K Kitajima J Chikuma T Kobayashi S 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2012,60(1):37-44
The antioxidant activities of flavonoids and their glycosides were measured with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH radical, DPPH(·)) scavenging method. The results show that free hydroxyl flavonoids are not necessarily more active than O-glycoside. Quercetin and kaempferol showed higher activity than apigenin. The C- and O-glycosides of flavonoids generally showed higher radical scavenging activity than aglycones; however, kaempferol C3-O-glycoside (astragalin) showed higher activity than kaempferol. In the radical scavenging activity of flavonoids, it was expected that OH substitutions at C3 and C5 and catechol substitution at C2 of B ring and intramolecular hydrogen bonding between OH at C5 and ketone at C3 would increase the activity; however, the reasons have yet to be clarified. We here show that the radical scavenging activities of flavonoids are controlled by their absolute hardness (η) and absolute electronegativity (χ) as a electronic state. Kaempferol and quercetin provide high radical scavenging activity since (i) OH substitutions at C3 and C5 strikingly decrease η of flavones, (ii) OH substitutions at C3 and C7 decrease χ and η of flavones, and (iii) phenol or o-catechol substitution at C2 of B ring decrease χ of flavones. The coordinate r(χ,?η) as the electron state must be small to increase the radical scavenging activity of flavonoids. The results show that chemically soft kaempferol and quercetin have higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than chemically hard genistein and daidzein. 相似文献
50.
Takayama Y Ohno T Kishimoto R Kato S Yoneyama R Kandatsu S Tsujii H Obata T 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2009,27(3):370-376