Ballistic transport in InSb quantum wells at high temperature

Measurements were made on a 0.2 μm four-terminal device, fabricated from an InSb/Al_0.15In_0.85Sb quantum well structure, at temperatures from 1.5 to 300 K. Negative bend resistance, a signature of ballistic transport, was observed at temperatures up to 205 K. The disappearance of the negative bend resistance at higher temperatures was accompanied by a non-linear dependence of the Hall voltage on magnetic field. The non-linearity indicates multiple-carrier conduction, which we characterize using quantitative mobility spectrum analysis.     

Chromatographic resolution of dipeptide enantiomers and diastereomers on chiral stationary phases from poly-( -leucine) or poly( -phenylalanine)

Two types of chiral stationary phase, polymer-bonded and non-bonded, containing poly( -leucine) and poly( -phenylalanine) were prepared. These stationary phases gave higher enantioselectivity for the optical resolution of various derivatives of leucylphenylalanine methyl ester by liquid chromatography than did poly( -alanine) and poly( -glutamate).     

Absolute desorption yields of metastable atoms from the surface of solid rare gases induced by exciton creation

Absolute yields of the metastable excited atoms desorbed from the surfaces of solid Ne and Ar by the creation of surface and bulk excitons have been measured using monochromated synchrotron radiation as a selective excitation source. We have obtained the absolute yields of (2.3 ± 0.7) × 10⁻³, (1.4 ± 0.4) × 10⁻³, and (7.8 ± 2.3) × 10⁻⁴ atoms/photon at the excitation of S1, B1 and S′ exciton for Ne, respectively, and 1 × 10⁻⁵ atoms/photon at S1 excitation for Ar. The probability for metastable atom desorption is found to be about 2 to 10% at the excitation of S1 exciton on the surface of solid Ne.     

Desorption of metastable species induced by electronic excitation at the surface of solid krypton with physisorbed hydrogen

The effect of the physisorbed hydrogen molecules on the electron stimulated desorption of metastables from the surface of solid Kr was investigated. At the clean surface of solid Kr, the desorption of Kr metastables occurs only through an excimer dissociation mechanism. Physisorption of hydrogen molecules causes the following effects: (1) the total desorption yield of the metastable species increased by an order of magnitude or more; (2) metastable Kr, which is probably desorbed through the cavity ejection mechanism, emerges; (3) metastable Kr by excimer dissociation is also enhanced; and (4) a new metastable species, which seems to be composed of metastable hydrogen molecule, appears.     

Formation of dinuclear copper(II) complex with N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine in aqueous solution

The polynuclear complexation of divalent 3d transition metal cations with N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (tpen) in aqueous solution was investigated. It was found that copper(II) forms a dinuclear complex with tpen in an aqueous solution containing chloride. The composition of the complex was determined as Cu(2)Cl(2)(tpen)(2+). Furthermore, the stability constant of the complex was determined and its structure was postulated to be (mu-Cl)(2).     

Comparison of the effects of different antiviral treatments on the antioxidant systems of stroma-free hemoglobin

The effect of virus inactivation by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) phototreatment, methylene blue (MB) phototreatment or heat on the activities of antioxidant systems of stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) was studied. DMMB photoinactivated human immunodeficiency virus by > 3.69 log10 under conditions that inactivated 3.33 log10 of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Under conditions which inactivated VSV by 6.10 log10 (1.37 J/cm2 irradiation and 2 microM DMMB), there was little change in the methemoglobin (Met-Hb) formation, concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), or superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) or glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities. However, the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) was decreased by 77%. Under conditions that inactivated VSV by 5.69 log10 (1.37 J/cm2 irradiation and 24 microM MB) there was little effect of MB phototreatment on SOD, CAT, GPX and GSH activities. However, GR activity was decreased by 74% and Met-Hb content reached 3.98%. Under conditions that inactivated VSV by more than 6.20 log10 (60 degrees C for 2 min), virucidal heat treatment resulted in 27% Met-Hb formation and decreased GPX activity by 43%. No significant decline in SOD, CAT or GR activities or GSH concentration was observed. These results suggest that, compared with heat treatment and MB phototreatment, virucidal DMMB treatment preserves not only the oxidative state of hemoglobin but also the antioxidant systems against superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, although the reduced GR activity may limit the quenching capacity of antioxidants in DMMB-treated SFH.     

Chromatographic Removal of Host Cell DNA from Cellular Products Using Columns Packed with Cationic Copolymer Beads

This paper describes a method for selective removal of DNA from various cellular products using columns packed with cross-linked poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) beads or cross-linked N,N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide (DMAPAA) beads. Each bead type showed a high DNA-adsorbing activity under experimental conditions of pH 5.0–9.0 and ionic strength of μ = 0.05–0.4. When γ-globulin was present in solution with DNA under physiological conditions (pH 7.2, μ = 0.17), DNA-removing activity of PEI columns was unsatisfactory because both the DNA and the γ-globulin were adsorbed onto the column. In contrast, DMAPAA columns allowed removal of DNA from various protein solutions contaminated with DNA. DNA concentration in each treated protein solution was below 10 ng mL^?1, and high recovery of proteins was obtained.     

Halogen-free water-immiscible ionic liquids based on tetraoctylammonium cation and dodecylsulfate and dodecylbenzenesulfonate anions, and their application as chelate extraction solvent.

The tetraoctylammonium cation forms water-immiscible room temperature ionic liquids with dodecylsulfate and dodecylbenzenesulfonate anions. The ionic liquids are halogen-free and can be considered environmentally friendly solvents. At 25 degrees C, the solubilities of water in tetraoctylammonium dodecylsulfate and tetraoctylammonium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were 2.8 and 4.0%, respectively, and the densities were 0.92 and 0.93 g cm(-3). The ionic liquids formed stable interfaces with water at 25 degrees C. The possible use of tetraoctylammonium dodecylsulfate as chelate extraction solvent was evaluated by using 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione as extractant. Tetraoctylammonium dodecylsulfate showed high extraction performance for divalent transition metal cations.