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81.
On slow cooling, a precursor phenomenon in supercooled benzene was probed by longitudinal absorption. On quenching, in-situ observation of ultrasonic measurements was carried out at the fixed temperature. Sequence of the transmitted waves was multiple scattered in quenched benzene. The dynamic ultrasound scattering is sensitive to the local strain and dynamic inhomogeneous fluctuations. The quenched benzene shows the maximum value of longitudinal absorption at incubation time, tinc. Crystal domain growth/coarsening is promoted by the ultrasonic irradiation at tinc < t. In addition, tinc depends on the quenching temperature. Ultrasonic irradiation and quenching effects dominate the extraordinal nucleation and growth process of benzene in spite of simple and non-polar molecular liquid. 相似文献
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Fujikawa Y Akiyama K Nagao T Sakurai T Lagally MG Hashimoto T Morikawa Y Terakura K 《Physical review letters》2002,88(17):176101
The structure of Ge(105)-(1 x 2) grown on Si(105) is examined by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and first-principles calculations. The morphology evolution with an increasing amount of Ge deposited documents the existence of a tensile surface strain in Si(105) and its relaxation with increasing coverage of Ge. A detailed analysis of high-resolution STM images and first-principles calculations produce a new stable model for the Ge(105)-(1 x 2) structure formed on the Si(105) surface that includes the existence of surface strain. It corrects the model developed from early observations of the facets of "hut" clusters grown on Si(001). 相似文献
87.
Armed crown ethers (1-4) bonding through an amine, amide, ether, or ester linkage to naphthyl group were found to display unique photophysical properties in the presence of guest salts. Complexation of PET fluoroionophores (1a and 1b) with Zn(2+) increased the fluorescence intensities of the host by a factor of 2.4 and 2.7, respectively. (1)H and (13)C NMR analyses of this complexation behavior of 1a revealed that Zn(2+) strongly coordinates with the armed crown nitrogen to cause a dramatic decrease in an intramolecular charge-transfer character. The armed crowns (2 and 3), bonding through an ether or ester linkage to a naphthalene, gave fluorescence quenching with guest thiocyanates. While the amide derivative (4) exhibited high Ba(2+) fluorescence selectivity and in the presence of this cation the host fluorescence intensity was by a factor of 3.69. 相似文献
88.
Sakurai S Tschammer A Pesch W Ahlers G 《Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics》1999,60(1):539-550
We report experimental and theoretical results for two-phase convection in a thin horizontal layer of a fluid with a first-order phase change and heated from below. A top layer of the nematic phase of a liquid crystal is located above the bottom layer of the isotropic phase of the same substance. A horizontal field of 1000 G is applied in order to align the director of the nematic phase. Over some ranges of the thickness of the isotropic phase, and in sufficiently large thermal gradients, the more dense nematic phase can be stably stratified above the less dense isotropic one, with a stable interface between them. Based on the equations of motion derived for this problem by Busse and Schubert [J. Fluid Mech. 46, 801 (1971)], we evaluate the bifurcation lines between the quiescent and convecting states and the corresponding critical wave vectors as a function of the interface position. We report experimental measurements based on Nusselt-number determinations for the locations of the bifurcation lines. They are in good agreement with the theoretical results. We also report approximate determinations of the critical wave numbers which are semiquantitatively consistent with the theory. A great diversity of patterns is observed in the convecting states, including normal and parallel rolls, rolls with defects and disorder, target patterns and spirals, and cellular flow with upflow or downflow at the cell center. These patterns are discussed in terms of the breaking of the mirror symmetry at the horizontal midplane by the interface, and in terms of the orienting effects of the magnetic field. 相似文献
89.
The luminescence and conduction currents of a doubly-insulated thin-film electroluminescent device were studied under various excitation conditions. The conduction current waveform was calculated numerically from the luminescence waveform. It was composed of two components: a fast transient component jfc, which rises and decays rapidly when a pulse is applied, and a dc-like component jdc, which maintains a constant level during the duration of pulse. The ratio of these components varied considerably with applied voltage. Both the slow response of luminescence to voltage change and the change in jfc when the excitation conditions were changed from repetitive pulses to a single pulse suggest an accumulation of charges inside the electroluminescence layer. This accumulation causes a space charge effect which explains the dominance of jfc in the high-brightness region. The fact that luminescence intensity in this region is not related to the amplitude of individual pulses, but rather to the average amplitude of the pulse train also indicates that the space-charge-induced internal electric field is the main factor in accelerating the carriers which excite the luminescence centers. It was found that the two conduction current components showed similar characteristics in singly-insulated devices. 相似文献
90.
Simultaneous analyses of inclusive and semi-inclusive reactionns in neutrino-nucleon collisions and elastic neutrino-proton scattering uniquely determine the neutral-current couplings between neutrinos and hadrons up to a two-fold “vector-axial-vector ambiguity”. One of the preferred solutions coincides with the Salam-Weinberg model within errors while the other solution, also compatible with SU(2) ? U(1) models with the simplest Higgs mechanism, may be helpful in understanding the bismuth puzzle. 相似文献