全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1839篇 |
免费 | 72篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1198篇 |
晶体学 | 16篇 |
力学 | 38篇 |
数学 | 203篇 |
物理学 | 463篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 43篇 |
2021年 | 52篇 |
2020年 | 38篇 |
2019年 | 39篇 |
2018年 | 30篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 51篇 |
2015年 | 54篇 |
2014年 | 52篇 |
2013年 | 99篇 |
2012年 | 99篇 |
2011年 | 123篇 |
2010年 | 73篇 |
2009年 | 74篇 |
2008年 | 119篇 |
2007年 | 110篇 |
2006年 | 109篇 |
2005年 | 91篇 |
2004年 | 63篇 |
2003年 | 50篇 |
2002年 | 57篇 |
2001年 | 32篇 |
2000年 | 34篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 20篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1918条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
211.
This paper considers the inversion of experimental field data collected with light receiving systems designed to meet operational requirements. Such operational requirements include system deployment in free drifting configurations and a limited number of acoustic receivers. A well-known consequence of a reduced spatial coverage is a poor sampling of the vertical structure of the acoustic field, leading to a severe ill-conditioning of the inverse problem and data to model cost function with a massive sidelobe structure having many local extrema. This causes difficulties to meta-heuristic global search methods, such as genetic algorithms, to converge to the true model parameters. In order to cope with this difficulty, broadband high-resolution processors are proposed for their ability to significantly attenuate sidelobes, as a contribution for improving convergence. A comparative study on simulated data shows that high-resolution methods did not outperform the conventional Bartlett processor for pinpointing the true environmental parameter when using exhaustive search. However, when a meta-heuristic technique is applied for exploring a large multidimensional search space, high-resolution methods clearly improved convergence, therefore reducing the inherent uncertainty on the final estimate. These findings are supported by the results obtained on experimental field data obtained during the Maritime Rapid Environmental Assessment 2003 sea trial. 相似文献
212.
Regioselective Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of N‐Heterocycles toward Functionalized Quinolines,Phenanthrolines, and Indoles
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Dinesh Talwar Angela Gonzalez‐de‐Castro Dr. Ho Yin Li Prof. Jianliang Xiao 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(17):5223-5227
A new strategy has been developed for the oxidant‐ and base‐free dehydrogenative coupling of N‐heterocycles at mild conditions. Under the action of an iridium catalyst, N‐heterocycles undergo multiple sp3 C? H activation steps, generating a nucleophilic enamine that reacts in situ with various electrophiles to give highly functionalized products. The dehydrogenative coupling can be cascaded with Friedel–Crafts addition, resulting in a double functionalization of the N‐heterocycles. 相似文献
213.
Dr. Yong Zhang Dr. Huafei Zou Dr. Ying Wang Dawna Caballero Jose Gonzalez Elizabeth Chao Gus Welzel Dr. Weijun Shen Dr. Danling Wang Dr. Peter G. Schultz Dr. Feng Wang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(7):2126-2130
Bovine antibody BLV1H12 possesses a unique “stalk–knob” architecture in its ultralong heavy chain CDR3, allowing substitutions of the “knob” domain with protein agonists to generate functional antibody chimeras. We have generated a humanized glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist antibody by first introducing a coiled‐coil “stalk” into CDR3H of the antibody herceptin. Exendin‐4 (Ex‐4), a GLP‐1 receptor agonist, was then fused to the engineered stalk with flexible linkers, and a Factor Xa cleavage site was inserted immediately in front of Ex‐4 to allow release of the N‐terminus of the fused peptide. The resulting clipped herceptin–Ex‐4 fusion protein is more potent in vitro in activating GLP‐1 receptors than the Ex‐4 peptide. The clipped herceptin–Ex‐4 has an extended plasma half‐life of approximately four days and sustained control of blood glucose levels for more than a week in mice. This work provides a novel approach to the development of human or humanized agonist antibodies as therapeutics. 相似文献
214.
Supercritical fluid chromatography with photodiode array detection for pesticide analysis in papaya and avocado samples
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of separation science》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Norma S. Pano‐Farias Silvia G. Ceballos‐Magaña Jorge Gonzalez José M. Jurado Roberto Muñiz‐Valencia 《Journal of separation science》2015,38(7):1240-1247
To improve the analysis of pesticides in complex food matrices with economic importance, alternative chromatographic techniques, such as supercritical fluid chromatography, can be used. Supercritical fluid chromatography has barely been applied for pesticide analysis in food matrices. In this paper, an analytical method using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detection has been established for the first time for the quantification of pesticides in papaya and avocado. The extraction of methyl parathion, atrazine, ametryn, carbofuran, and carbaryl was performed through the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe methodology. The method was validated using papaya and avocado samples. For papaya, the correlation coefficient values were higher than 0.99; limits of detection and quantification ranged from 130–380 and 220–640 μg/kg, respectively; recovery values ranged from 72.8–94.6%; precision was lower than 3%. For avocado, limit of detection values were ?450 μg/kg; precision was lower than 11%; recoveries ranged from 50.0–94.2%. Method feasibility was tested for lime, banana, mango, and melon samples. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method is applicable to methyl parathion, atrazine, ametryn, and carbaryl, toxics pesticides used worldwide. The methodology presented in this work could be applicable to other fruits. 相似文献
215.
216.
Federico Gonzalez‐Fernandez Brandi Betts‐Obregon Brian Yust Joshua Mimun Dongjin Sung Dhiraj Sardar Andrew T. Tsin 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2015,91(2):371-378
Retinol degrades rapidly in light into a variety of photoproducts. It is remarkable that visual cycle retinoids can evade photodegradation as they are exchanged between the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium and Müller glia. Within the interphotoreceptor matrix, all‐trans retinol, 11‐cis retinol and retinal are bound by interphotoreceptor retinoid‐binding protein (IRBP). Apart from its role in retinoid trafficking and targeting, could IRBP have a photoprotective function? HPLC was used to evaluate the ability of IRBP to protect all‐trans and 11‐cis retinols from photodegradation when exposed to incandescent light (0 to 8842 μW cm?2); time periods of 0–60 min, and bIRBP: retinol molar ratios of 1:1 to 1:5. bIRBP afforded a significant prevention of both all‐trans and 11‐cis retinol to rapid photodegradation. The effect was significant over the entire light intensity range tested, and extended to the bIRBP: retinol ratio 1:5. In view of the continual exposure of the retina to light, and the high oxidative stress in the outer retina, our results suggest IRBP may have an important protective role in the visual cycle by reducing photodegradation of all‐trans and 11‐cis retinols. This role of IRBP is particularly relevant in the high flux conditions of the cone visual cycle. 相似文献
217.
Vinícius C. Gonzalez Ana C. M. Beheregaray Bárbara M. Peres Eliza S. V. Sallis Antônio S. Varela Junior Gilma S. Trindade 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2015,91(4):895-900
To determine the chronic skin effects caused by the interaction of infrared and ultraviolet B radiations, male Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) (2 months old) were exposed for 15 days to infrared radiation (600–1500 nm, with a peak at 1000 nm, n = 12) for 30 min (1080 J cm?2) (IRo); to ultraviolet B radiation (peak emission at 313 nm, n = 9) for 90 min (55.08 J cm?2) (UVB); to infrared radiation followed after 90 min by ultraviolet B (n = 6) (IRUVB) and to ultraviolet B followed after 90 min by infrared radiation (n = 9) (UVBIR). Skin samples were collected and histopathological analysis showed the presence of acanthosis, parakeratotic and orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, intraepidermal pustules, keratin pearls, detachment of epidermis, collagen necrosis, inflammatory infiltrate, vasodilation, basal cell vacuolization and superficial dermis degeneration both in UVB and UVBIR treatments. IRUVB animals showed the same characteristics as above except for parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, keratin pearls and superficial dermis degeneration. To conclude, infrared radiation exposure after ultraviolet B irradiation increases skin damage without protecting the tissue, while infrared radiation exposure before ultraviolet B irradiation showed a protective effect against ultraviolet skin damage. 相似文献
218.
Bound state solutions of D‐dimensional schrödinger equation with exponential‐type potentials
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《International journal of quantum chemistry》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
José Juan Peña Jesús García‐Martínez Jesus García‐Ravelo Jesus Morales 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2015,115(3):158-164
In this article, using an exactly‐solvable multiparameter exponential‐type potential we propose a unified treatment of the analytical bound—state solutions of the Schrödinger equation for exponential‐type potentials in D‐dimensions. Our proposal accepts different approximations to the centrifugal term; however, its usefulness is exemplified in the frame of the Green and Aldrich approach. This fact enables us to compare our results with specific potentials found in the literature and that are obtained here as particular cases of our proposal. That is, instead of solving a specific exponential‐type potential, by resorting each time to a specialized method, the energy spectra and wavefunctions are derived straightforward from the proposed approach. Furthermore, our proposal can be used as an alternative way in the search of solutions to new exponential‐type potentials besides that one can study different approximations to the term . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
219.
Existence and Regularity of Periodic Solutions to Certain First-Order Partial Differential Equations
Adalberto?P.?BergamascoEmail author Paulo?L.?Dattori da Silva Rafael?B.?Gonzalez 《Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications》2017,23(1):65-90
We present conditions on the coefficients of a class of vector fields on the torus which yield a characterization of global solvability as well as global hypoellipticity, in other words, the existence and regularity of periodic solutions. Diophantine conditions and connectedness of certain sublevel sets appear in a natural way in our results. 相似文献
220.
G. Godard F. Weiss M. Gonzalez P. Paranthoën 《Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science》2005,29(8):947-956
This experimental study is devoted to the diffusion of a passive scalar downstream a line source located in a Bénard–von Kármán street. Measurements of velocity and temperature have been performed using LDA and cold wire thermometer with a phase reference. Information on the initial evolution of mean, fluctuating velocity and temperature and associated shear-stresses and heat fluxes fields are presented for two locations of the source: ( and 1). The results show that the velocity field in the wake is strongly related to the geometric structure of vortices while the temperature field is controlled by both the time scale of rotation of the vortices and the location of the heated fluid within the vortex street. 相似文献