Classical analysis including trace-matrix separation versus solid state mass spectrometry: A comparative study for the analysis of high purity Mo,W and Cr

The applicability of GDMS, SIMS, SSMS, NAA and TMS with AAS, ICP-OES and ICP-MS end determination for routine bulk ultratrace analysis of high purity refractory metals was investigated. Due to the heterogeneous distribution of trace elements in the sub-ppm range, sample consumption and analysis time have a tremendous influence on quantification with procedures of low sample consumption. As an example, GDMS, which is commonly used for ultrapure material certification by most of the manufacturers in Europe and the USA, exhibits discrepancies by more than one order of magnitude for repetitive analyses of a series of trace components in the same sample. Furthermore, results of different laboratories using the same instrument are frequently not comparable. Due to easy standardization and large sample consumption TMS procedures combined with FAAS, GFAAS, ICP-AES and ICP-MS as methods of end determination exhibit better precision and accuracy than GDMS and SIMS. Detection limits are comparably low or even better in case of ICP-MS end determination. TMS procedures are less expensive and less time consuming than highly sophisticated analytical techniques like GDMS, SIMS or NAA. Additionally, they can be easily applied by experienced personnel in a well equipped industrial analytical laboratory.List of Acronyms Used AAS Atomic Absorption Spectrometry - FAAS Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry - GDMB Gesellschaft Deutscher Metallhütten- und Bergleute - GDMS Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry - GFAAS Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry - ICP-AES Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry - ICP-MS Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry - IDMS Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry - NAA Neutron Activation Analysis - SIMS Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry - SSMS Spark Source Mass Spectrometry - TMS Trace-Matrix Separation - VLSI Very Large Scale Integration - XRFS X-Ray fluorescence Spectroscopy Dedicated to Professor Günther Tölg on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Die Entropien der Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen bei der Ionisation von Säuren in ihrer Beziehung zur Ionisationskonstante der Säuren,II

The author has replaced theBrönsted linear relation of the logarithm of the catalysis coefficient of the acid in the acid-base catalysis of the α-glucose mutarotation to the logarithm of the acid ionisation constant by the linear relation of the entropy change for the breaking of the hydrogen bond of the hydrated acid $$AH \ldots OH_2 = AH + OH_2 $$ to the logarithm of the base constant (reciprocal acid ionisation constant) and theBrönsted linear relation of the logarithm of the anion catalysis coefficient in the acid-base catalysis of the α-glucose mutarotation to the base constant by the linear relationship of the entropy change of the reaction $$\begin{gathered} A^ - + H_3 O^ + = AH \ldots OH_2 + 2 H_2 O \hfill \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} \cdot \\ \cdot \\ \cdot \\ \end{array} \begin{array}{*{20}c} \cdot \\ \cdot \\ \cdot \\ \end{array} \hfill \\ H_2 O OH_2 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ to the logarithm of the base constant. According to an equation, which is derived by the author, various causes contribute to the deviations from these linear relations. It is shown, that for acetate (propionate), formate (monochloracetic acid) and benzoate in each case another cause is determining.     

Massenspektrometrie unter den Bedingungen der Kopplung mit der Gas-Chromatographie

Zusammenfassung Die hohe Trennwirkung der Gas-Chromatographie bei der Analyse von Stoffgemischen und die gute Substanzspezifität der Massenspektrometrie führten zu einer gekoppelten Anwendung dieser beiden analytischen Spuren- und Mikromethoden mit dem Ergebnis, weit mehr gesicherte qualitative Aussagen wie auch quantitative Bestimmungen kompliziert zusammengesetzter Analysenproben zu erhalten als dies mit jeder dieser beiden Methoden allein möglich oder erreichbar ist. Die beiden Methoden, deren weitere gemeinsame Eigenschaft es ist, daß verdampfbare Proben zur Untersuchung kommen müssen, ergänzen einander, indem ihre beiderseitigen Schwächen aufgehoben werden. Die aufgrund der apparativen Bedingungen der Gas-Chromatographie und der Massenspektrometrie sich ergebenden Forderungen, die bei ihrer Kopplung berücksichtigt werden müssen, werden diskutiert.

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Mass spectrometry under the conditions of coupling with gas chromatography

A combination of the high separation efficiency of gas chromatography with the favourable specifity of mass spectrometry makes possible more reliable qualitative statements and quantitative determinations of samples of complicated composition than attainable by either method alone. These methods, which both require evaporable samples, supplement each other by eliminating their mutual disadvantages. The requirements are discussed which have to be considered for coupling the two methods.

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Hauptvortrag auf der Tagung Biochemische Analytik, München 29. 4. bis 2. 5. 1970.     

Renormalized transport equations for the bistable potential model

Renormalized transport equations for general Fokker-Planck systems are derived and applied to the bistable potential model. The exact equation for the expectation value x _t can be evaluated in both domains Dx _± and xD ₀ outside and between the potential minima, leading to drastic differences of the dynamics prevailing inD _± andD ₀, respectively.     

A quantum-group-like structure on noncommutative 2-tori

We show that on noncommutative 2-tori, there are natural structures which have analogous formal properties as Hopf algebra structures, but where the comultiplication has values in a deformation of the tensor product.Supported by Project P 7724 PHY of Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung.     

Zur Beurteilung der Silicosegefahr durch Staub am Arbeitsplatz

Ohne Zusammenfassung