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981.
982.
983.
A mean-field approach (MFA) is proposed for the analysis of
orientational order in a two-dimensional system of stochastic self-propelled particles
interacting by local velocity alignment mechanism.
The treatment is applied to the cases of ferromagnetic (F) and liquid-crystal (LC) alignment.
In both cases, MFA yields a second order phase transition for a critical noise strength and a scaling
exponent of 1/2 for the respective order parameters.
We find that the critical noise amplitude ηc at which orientational order emerges in the LC case
is smaller than in the F-alignment case, i.e. ηLCC<ηFC.
A comparison with simulations of individual-based models with F- resp. LC-alignment shows that the
predictions about the critical behavior and the qualitative relation between the respective critical
noise amplitudes are correct. 相似文献
984.
We discuss coherent and incoherent φ -meson photoproduction off the deuteron at low energy and small momentum transfer with
the aim to check whether the recent experimental data need for their interpretation an inclusion of exotic channels. Our analysis
of the differential cross-section and spin-density matrix elements shows that new data on the γD → φX reaction at E
γ ∼ 2 GeV may be understood on the basis of conventional dynamics. 相似文献
985.
Ekkehard Krätzel 《Monatshefte für Mathematik》2002,137(3):197-211
In this article we investigate the number of lattice points in a three-dimensional convex body which contains non-isolated
points with Gaussian curvature zero but a finite number of flat points at the boundary. Especially, in case of rational tangential
planes in these points we investigate not only the influence of the flat points but also of the other points with Gaussian
curvature zero on the estimation of the lattice rest.
Received 19 June 2001; in revised form 17 January 2002
RID="a"
ID="a" Dedicated to Professor Edmund Hlawka on the occasion of his 85th birthday 相似文献
986.
Derivation of the elementary Fowler-Nordheim equation is based on several strong physical assumptions (e.g. smooth flat surface and uniform work function across emitting surface, constant emission area and a uniform distribution of the applied field over it). A real emitter, however, definitely does not fulfill these assumptions. In spite of it the total emission current follows the FN equation and is frequently used for an estimation of the "average" work-function. The physical basis of this procedure and of the terms "average" work function and "emission area" are analyzed from the experimentalist's point of view. Thus some of the older - more or less intuitive - conclusions are substantiated. 相似文献
987.
988.
Simpson CD Brand JD Berresheim AJ Przybilla L Räder HJ Müllen K 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2002,8(6):1424-1429
In this paper we present the synthesis and characterization of the so far largest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), containing 222 carbon atoms or 37 separate benzene units. First a suitable three-dimensional oligophenylene precursor molecule is built up by a sequence of Diels-Alder and cyclotrimerization reactions and then planarized in the final step by oxidative cyclodehydrogenation to the corresponding hexagonal PAH. Structural proof is based on isotopically resolved MALDI-TOF mass spectra and electronic characteristics are studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy. 相似文献
989.
Kovalchuk VI Krägel J Makievski AV Loglio G Ravera F Liggieri L Miller R 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2002,252(2):433-442
The amplitude- and phase-frequency characteristics of oscillating bubble systems with a closed measuring cell are analyzed. The shape of the frequency characteristics is qualitatively different for bubbles smaller or larger than a hemisphere, respectively, and also for diluted and concentrated surfactant solutions. Moreover, the presence of a surfactant in the solution strongly influences the characteristic frequencies of the system. The experiments performed under ground and microgravity conditions show a good qualitative agreement with theoretically predicted amplitude- and phase-frequency characteristics and confirm the adequacy of the proposed theory. The comparison of high-frequency limits of the surface dilatational elasticity with the theoretical Gibbs elasticities calculated according to the respective adsorption isotherm shows good agreement for small surfactant concentrations. At higher concentrations large discrepancies are observed which can possibly be explained by the violation of the linearity condition for the surface layer. 相似文献
990.
3,4-Disubstituted pyrroles (2, 3) were prepared from 6/7-carboxyethyl-3-phenyl-3-tropen-2-ones (1) regioselectively and with high yields by using tosylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC). This procedure enables the synthesis of pyrroles substituted with two distinct groups: a phenyl group and a substituted pyrrolidine analogue. The crystal structure of product 2a was determined, and the analogous derivatives were identified by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. 相似文献