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101.
Christin Scheller Finja Krebs Robert Minkner Isabel Astner Maria Gil-Moles Hermann Wätzig 《Electrophoresis》2020,41(13-14):1137-1151
The material properties of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its proteins are discussed. We review the viral structure, size, rigidity, lipophilicity, isoelectric point, buoyant density and centrifugation conditions, stability against pH, temperature, UV light, gamma radiation, and susceptibility to various chemical agents including solvents and detergents. Possible inactivation, downstream, and formulation conditions are given including suitable buffers and some first ideas for quality-control methods. This information supports vaccine development and discussion with competent authorities during vaccine approval and is certainly related to drug-targeting strategies and hygienics. Several instructive tables are given, including the pI and grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) of SARS-CoV-1 and -2 proteins in comparison. SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 are similar in many regards, so information can often be derived. Both are unusually stable, but sensitive at their lipophilic membranes. However, since seemingly small differences can have strong effects, for example, on immunologically relevant epitope settings, unevaluated knowledge transfer from SARS-CoV-1 to SARS-CoV-2 cannot be advised. Published knowledge regarding downstream processes, formulations and quality assuring methods is, as yet, limited. However, standard approaches employed for other viruses and vaccines seem to be feasible including virus inactivation, centrifugation conditions, and the use of adjuvants. 相似文献
102.
Uwe Schmidt Luis Werner Merle Arrowsmith Andrea Deissenberger Alexander Hermann Alexander Hofmann Stefan Ullrich James D. Mattock Alfredo Vargas Holger Braunschweig 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(1):325-329
The reaction of aryl‐ and amino(dihydro)boranes with dibora[2]ferrocenophane 1 leads to the formation 1,3‐trans‐dihydrotriboranes by formal hydrogenation and insertion of a borylene unit into the B=B bond. The aryltriborane derivatives undergo reversible photoisomerization to the cis‐1,2‐μ‐H‐3‐hydrotriboranes, while hydride abstraction affords cationic triboranes, which represent the first doubly base‐stabilized B3H4+ analogues. 相似文献
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Summary Two programs, OVID and SUPER, for exploring the similarity of molecules with respect to their action at a receptor are described. OVID accepts two molecules as input and optimizes the three-dimensional overlap of specified atoms in one molecule with specified atoms in the second molecule. The result is expressed as a percent of the theoretical maximum. OVID gives a quantitative measure of the extent of a guessed correspondence between two molecules based on volume overlap of selected atoms. The Achilles' heel of OVID is that the correspondence between the two molecules has to be guessed. We realized that it would be better to systematically examine all possible correspondences of two structures to minimize the chance of overlooking a superior correspondence. We created SUPER to satisfy this need. SUPER accepts two molecules as input and finds the top twenty correspondences of their surfaces and charge distributions, giving a quantitative measure of the extent of each correspondence. An instructive example of the application of OVID and SUPER to the design of leukotriene D4 receptor antagonists is described. SUPER appears to be a practical brainstorming tool for the medicinal chemist trying to understand how molecules whose structures may not resemble one another in an obvious way can bind to the same site. 相似文献
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Formulas for the contribution of the conduction electrons to the polarization and magnetization are derived for disordered systems and within a one-particle framework. These results generalize known formulas for Bloch electrons and the presented proofs considerably simplify and strengthen prior justifications. The new formulas show that orbital polarization and magnetization are of geometric nature. This leads to quantization for a periodically driven Piezo effect as well as the derivative of the magnetization w.r.t. the chemical potential. It is also shown how the latter is connected to boundary currents in Chern insulators. The main technical tools in the proofs are an adaption of Nenciu’s super-adiabatic theory to C*-dynamical systems and Bellissard’s Ito derivatives w.r.t. the magnetic field. 相似文献
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Hermann Render 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》1999,127(5):1409-1411
It is shown that the space of all regular maximal ideals in the Banach algebra with respect to the Hadamard product is isomorphic to The multiplicative functionals are exactly the evaluations at the -th Taylor coefficient. It is a consequence that for a given function in and for a function holomorphic in a neighborhood of with and for all the function is in