Synthesis and Properties of Gluconamide-Based Trisiloxane Surfactant

A gluconamide-based trisiloxane surfactant (Si3N2-GA) was prepared via a two-step method. Structure characterization of the Si3N2-GA was performed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR). Surface activity and aggregation behavior in aqueous solution of the Si3N2-GA were investigated by surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and negative-stained transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the critical micelle concentration (CAC) and surface tension (γ_CAC) at the cmc in aqueous solution of the Si3N2-GA are 3.77 × 10^?4 M and 20.5 mN · m^?1, respectively, and the surfactants can self-assemble into spherical vesicle with diameters in the range from 50 to 150 nm.     

Cationic Copolymerization of Epichlorohydrin with Styrene Oxide and with Cyclohexene Oxide

Cationic copolymerizations of epichlorohydrin (ECH) (chloro-methyl oxirane) with styrene oxide (SO) (phenyl oxirane) and with 1,2-cyclohexene oxide (CO) (7-oxabicyclo [410] heptane) were carried out at 50°C by employing the salt triphenylmethyl hexachloro-antimonate (HC) (Ph₃CSbCl₆) as initiator. NMR spectra before and after attempted extractions of the polymeric products indicated that the resulting polymeric products were true copolymers and not mixtures of the respective homopolymers. Monomer reactivity ratios for both pairs of comonomers were determined; for one pair the values were r ₁(ECH) = 3.29, r ₂(CO) = 0.16 and for the second pair r ₁(ECH) = 0.57, r ₂(SO) = 0.16.     

药用高分子材料亲水性修饰的研究进展

高分子材料在药物制剂和制药工艺上具有广泛的应用价值。新型制剂的研发与药用高分子材料的性能密切相关,特别是高分子胶束等两亲性高分子材料的使用尤为广泛,也是高分子材料当今研究的热点。本文着重对常见药用高分子材料亲水性修饰的亲水片段进行了概括总结。根据亲水片段的大小,分为小分子修饰、水溶性聚合物修饰以及水溶性高分子修饰三个部分,对药用高分子材料亲水修饰的修饰剂和修饰产物的性质特点、修饰方法以及其中的优势和不足尽可能的进行了综述,并对此进行了讨论和展望,以期能够给同行们提供参考并共讨论。     

Observation of Non‐FCC Copper in Alkynyl‐Protected Cu53 Nanoclusters

The only feasible access to non‐face‐centered cubic (FCC) copper was by physical vapor deposition under high vacuum. Now, non‐FCC copper is observed in a series of alkynyl‐protected Cu₅₃ nanoclusters (NCs) obtained from solution‐phase synthesis. Determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, the structures of Cu₅₃(C≡CPhPh)₉(dppp)₆Cl₃(NO₃)₉ and its two derivatives reveal an ABABC stacking sequence involving 41 Cu atoms. It can be regarded as a mixed FCC and HCP structure, which gives strong evidence that Cu can be arranged in non‐FCC lattice at ambient conditions when proper ligands are provided. Characterization methods including X‐ray absorption fine structure, XPS, ESI‐MS, UV/Vis, Auger spectroscopy, and DFT calculations were carried out. Cu^II was shown to successively coordinate with introduced ligands and changed to Cu^I after bonding with phosphine. The following addition of NaBH₄ and the aging step further reduced it to the Cu₅₃ NC.     

自然灾害区域疏散的预警优化模型研究

在可预知的灾害来临前,交通堵塞问题是影响应急疏散效率的主要因素。在灾前防御阶段,有策略的发布预警消息可以使疏散更加有秩序的进行,从而提高疏散效率。本文为区域应急疏散预案构建了应急疏散预警发布研究框架,首先建立了避难点分配模型,将其结果代入到疏散预警模型,来优化特定地区预警发布时间和类型。其中,预警模型加入了时间成分,构建成了多时段模型,并使用贪婪的启发式搜索过程求解非线性的公式。最后,通过算例分析了模型算法的应用范围及其可行性,并用模拟退火算法进行了计算,验证了本算法的有效性。本研究更改以往在同一时间通过全部渠道发布消息的方式,通过疏散预警信息的发布策略的优化,可以有效避免在区域内大规模人群同时出发所导致的交通拥堵现象,为政府制定科学的应急疏散预案提供理论和技术支持。     

用自组电位差计测干电池电动势和内阻

根据电压补偿原理，设计了自组电位差计的几种实验电路，用于测量干电池的电动势和内阻。     

Synthesis of graphene oxide-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) composite by dispersion polymerization in supercritical CO2: adsorption behavior for the removal of organic dye

The use of a biocompatible and thermoresponsive polymer, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) grafted onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO) as an adsorbent for the removal of a cationic dye (methylene blue [MB]) from an aqueous solution is examined in this work. GO–PHEMA forms a hydrogel in water thus overcoming the problem faced by carbon-based adsorbent materials during post-treatment (i.e., separation of adsorbent from the aqueous phase). The GO–PHEMA composite was synthesized using a green approach through dispersion polymerization in supercritical CO₂. The successful preparation of this composite was confirmed by a series of characterization techniques. The adsorption behavior of the composite toward MB such as the effect of the adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, dye concentration, and recyclability were observed. In addition, the adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics were investigated. According to the experimental data, the adsorption parameters were found to fit well into the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with a correlation coefficient of 0.975 and a maximum predicted adsorption capacity of 39.41 mg g^?1 at 25 °C. The adsorption kinetics studies showed that the adsorption behavior followed a pseudo-second-order reaction. On the other hand, the thermodynamics studies showed that the adsorption of MB on GO–PHEMA composite followed spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process with an efficient adsorption temperature at 45 °C. The experimental results also showed that the GO–PHEMA composite could remove 99.8% of the dye in 45 min. Therefore, GO–PHEMA composite is a favorable green adsorbent for environmental applications.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structures and Luminescent Properties of Terbium,Neodymium and Yttrium Complexes with a New Amide Type Ligand

Solid complexes of terbium, neodymium and yttrium nitrates with an amide type ligand, N‐benzyl‐2‐(benzyloxy)benzamide ( L ) have been prepared in ethyl acetate and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The crystal and molecular structures of the complexes Tb L ₃(NO₃)₃, Nd L ₃(NO₃)₃ and Y L ₃(NO₃)₃ have been determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The crystal structures of the complexes are similar. The structures show that the crystal consists of two similar but independent molecules in the asymmetric unit and the metal ion is coordinated toward nine donor atoms, three of which belong to the oxygen atoms of three monodentate ligands and six oxygen atoms from three bidentate nitrates. Furthermore, the RE L ₃(NO)₃ complex units are linked by the intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form a three‐dimensional net. At the same time, the luminescent properties of the ligand and the complex Tb L ₃(NO₃)₃ were studied as well.     

Ni2P@CoP3核壳纳米球的制备、表征及其用于超级电容器性能

利用水热技术先后获得Ni纳米球和Ni@Co(OH)_2海胆状核壳纳米球前驱体,通过高温煅烧法获得NiO@CoO核壳纳米球,再以次磷酸钠为原料,通过高温磷化法最终获得Ni_2P@CoP_3核壳纳米球。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高角度环形暗场像扫描透射电子显微镜(HAADF-STEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对产物的形貌、结构和组成进行表征。采用循环伏安(CV)、恒电流充放电(GCD)以及循环稳定性实验探索了电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,Ni_2P@CoP_3核壳纳米球的直径约为400 nm,由六方系Ni_2P纳米核和立方相CoP_3纳米壳构成。相比单纯的Ni_2P或CoP_3纳米球,Ni_2P@CoP_3核壳纳米球发挥了复合结构的协同效应,更加有利于电解液的质子传递,促进了赝电容反应,表现出更高的比容量、稳定性和更长的循环寿命。     

On Inclusion Properties of Two Versions of Orlicz–Morrey Spaces

There are two versions of Orlicz–Morrey spaces (on \({\mathbb {R}}^n\)), defined by Nakai in 2004 and by Sawano, Sugano, and Tanaka in 2012. In this paper, we discuss the inclusion properties of these two spaces and compare the results. Computing the norms of the characteristic functions of balls in \({\mathbb {R}}^n\) is one of the keys to our results. Similar results for weak Orlicz–Morrey spaces of both versions are also obtained.