Antisymmetry and analytic structure in the spectrum of a uniform Fréchet algebra

Let M be a C-smooth submanifold of a domain GCⁿ. Denote by 0(M) the algebra of germs of holomorphic functions on M, that is, each f0(M) is holomorphic in some neighbourhood of M, the neighbourhood dependent of f. Now define A(M) as the closure of 0(M) with respect to the topology of compact convergence on M.If M coincides with A(M), the spectrum of A(M), we give a necessary and sufficient condition for A(M) such that M is a complex manifold.     

Ebene Äquiforme Zwangläufe im Grossen II

Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit¹ wurden die orientierten Flächeninhalte der Punktbahnen ebener äquiformer Zwangläufe studiert und einige Anwendungen der erzielten Resultate angeführt. Der vorliegende zweite Teil beschäftigt sich - unter Beibehaltung der Bezeichnungen, der Numerierung der Abschnitte, Sätze usw. - einerseits mit Geradenhüllbahnen, andererseits mit globalen Eigenschaften spezieller äquiformer Zwangläufe, und zwar mit der äquiformen Bewegung der Krümmungsstrecken einer ebenen Kurve, mit äquiformen Konchoiden-bewegungen und mit der äquiformen Bewegung der Durchmesser eines beschränkten konvexen Bereichs. Beim Studium der durch formale Integration gewonnenen, vorzeichenbehafteten “Längen” der Geradenhüllbahnen wurden zur Interpretation des Vorzeichens orientierte Geraden des Gangsystems betrachtet. Dieser anscheinend notwendige Übergang zu Speeren wurde bislang bei der Formulierung von Holditch-Sätzen über Längen von Geradenhüllbahnen (vgl.[11],[39]) nicht beachtet. Wie schon im ersten Teil gestatten die Ergebnisse eine Anwendung in der globalen euklidischen n-Lagentheorie sowie auf nichtgeschlossene euklidische Zwangläufe.     

Milch

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

R?ntgenspektrometrische Elementbestimmung in Abwasser: Probenvorbereitung und Matrixkorrekturverfahren

Zusammenfassung Für Elementbestimmungen in Abwasser wird ein Röntgenfluorescenzverfahren beschrieben. Zur Probenvorbereitung werden die Elemente durch Gefriertrocknung auf einem inerten Träger angereichert. Diese Anreicherung ist nicht selektiv und erfaßt praktisch alle in Abwasser gelösten und suspendierten Verunreinigungen. Für die Berechnung der Elementkonzentrationen aus den gemessenen Fluorescenzintensitäten wird ein Matrixkorrekturverfahren angegeben, welches dem unterschiedlichen Absorptionsverhalten der Probenmatrix Rechnung trägt. Die Massenabsorptionskoeffizienten werden durch Messung der diffus gestreuten Bremsstrahlung bzw. der Comptonstreustrahlung ermittelt. Die Selbstabsorption des zu bestimmenden Elementes wird rechnerisch berücksichtigt. Das Korrekturverfahren kann auf alle mit Röntgenfluorescenzanalyse bestimmbaren Elemente angewendet werden.

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Determination of elements in waste water by x-ray fluorescence analysis: Sample preparation and matrix correction method

Summary For sample preparation the elements are enriched upon an inert carrier by freeze-drying. This enriching procedure is not selective and collects all dissolved and suspended contaminations from the waste water. In order to calculate the element concentrations from the measured fluorescence intensities a matrix correction method is given which considers the different absorption behaviour of the matrix. The mass absorption coefficients are obtained by measuring the scattered X-ray tube spectrum or a Compton scattered X-ray tube line, respectively. The self-absorption of the element to be determined is taken into account. The correction method is applicable to all elements detectable by X-ray fluorescence.

Herrn Dr. H. Wagner danken wir für das stete Interesse, die zahlreichen konstruktiven Diskussionen und die Hilfe beim Abfassen des Manuskripts.     

An integrated console for capsule-based,automated organic synthesis

The current laboratory practices of organic synthesis are labor intensive, impose safety and environmental hazards, and hamper the implementation of artificial intelligence guided drug discovery. Using a combination of reagent design, hardware engineering, and a simple operating system we provide an instrument capable of executing complex organic reactions with prepacked capsules. The machine conducts coupling reactions and delivers the purified products with minimal user involvement. Two desirable reaction classes – the synthesis of saturated N-heterocycles and reductive amination – were implemented, along with multi-step sequences that provide drug-like organic molecules in a fully automated manner. We envision that this system will serve as a console for developers to provide synthetic methods as integrated, user-friendly packages for conducting organic synthesis in a safe and convenient fashion.

Using a combination of reagent design, hardware engineering, and a simple operating system we provide an instrument capable of executing complex organic reactions using prepacked capsules with minimal user involvement.     

DAMAGE TO URACIL- AND ADENINE-CONTAINING BASES, NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES AND POLYNUCLEOTIDES: QUANTUM YIELDS ON IRRADIATION AT 193 AND 254 NM

Abstract Photoreactions, such as base release and decomposition of the base moiety, induced by either 20 ns laser pulses at 193 nm or continuous 254 nm irradiation, were studied for a series of uracil and adenine derivatives in neutral aqueous solution. The quantum yield of chromophore loss (φ) depends significantly on the nature of the nucleic acid constituent and the saturating gas (Ar, N₂O or O₂). In the case of polynucleotides the destruction of nucleotides was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography after hydrolysis; the quantum yields (φ) are comparable to those of chromophore loss or larger. The φ_cl and aφ_dn of 0.04–0.1 for poly(U) and poly(dU), obtained for both wavelengths of irradiation, are due to processes originating from the lowest excited singlet state, i.e. formation of photohydrates and photodimers, and a second part from photoionization using λ_irr= 193 nm. Irradiation at 193 nm effectively splits pyrimidine dimers and thus reverts them into monomers. The quantum yield for release of undamaged bases (φ_br) from nucleosides, nucleotides and polynucleotides upon irradiation at 254 nm is typically φ_br= (0.1–1) × 10^?4 Breakage of the N-glycosidic bond is significantly more efficient for λ_irr=193 nm, e.g. φ_br= 1.1 × 10^?3, 0.8 × 10^?3, 4.3 × 10^?3 and 0.5 × 10^?3 for poly(A), poly(dA), poly(U) and poly(dU) in Ar-saturated solution, respectively. Enhanced φ values for λ_irr= 193 nm, essentially for adenine and its derivatives, are caused by photo-processes that are initiated by photoionization.     

Mixed Azines of Naloxone with Dihydromorphinone Derivatives

The mixed azines 4 and 5 were prepared by reaction of naloxazone ( 2 ) with either oxymorphone ( 6 ) or 14-O-methyloxymorphone ( 7 ) and tested in vitro using opioid receptor binding assays and in vivo using the AcOH-writhing test in mice. Compound 4 was found to be a partial agonist, while compound 5 was a potent opioid agonist with higher potency than morphine.     

Substituent-dependent reactivity in the photodimerization of N-substituted dibenz[b,f]azepines

The photoprocesses of a series of N-substituted dibenz[b,f]azepines (iminostilbenes) were studied by absorption and emission spectroscopy, by laser flash photolysis, and by preparative irradiation with NMR analysis. In solutions, 2pi+2pi photodimers of N-cyano and N-acyl dibenzazepines are formed via the triplet state upon acetone- or benzophenone-sensitized energy transfer. T-T absorption spectra were measured and absorption coefficients were determined. The triplet energy transfer is equally efficient for N-alkyl dibenzazepines, which do not dimerize. Excited states of npi* character in the latter cases are discussed to rationalize the different reactivities. In spite of negligible intersystem crossing of 21 dibenzazepine derivatives, photodimers of N-acyl and N-cyano dibenzazepines are formed upon direct excitation in concentrated solutions (0.01-0.1 mol dm(-3)) as well as in the solid state. A selective anti-configuration of the photodimers was found throughout.     

Diastereomer-differentiating hydrolysis of 1,3-diol-acetonides: a simplified procedure for the separation of syn- and anti-1,3-diols

[reaction: see text] A new method to facilitate the separation of diastereomeric syn- and anti-1,3-diols is described. The method relies on the different hydrolysis rates of the corresponding diastereomeric acetonides. Treatment of a dichloromethane solution of syn- and anti-1,3-diol-acetonide with a catalytic amount of diluted aqueous hydrochloric acid leads to the selective cleavage of the anti diastereomer. The resulting anti-1,3-diol can be easily separated from the unchanged syn-1,3-diol-acetonide.     

Reaction of 1,2-diarylhydrazines with acetic anhydride catalyzed by 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine

Summary A new method for the synthesis of 1,2-diaryl-1,2-dihydro-5-methyl-3H-pyrazol-3-ones3 and 4-acetyl-1,2-diaryl-1,2-dihydro-5-methyl-3H-pyrazol-3-ones5 is presented. The reaction of 4,4-disubstituted 1,2-diarylhydrazines1 with acetic anhydride in the presence of an equimolar amount of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine leads to mixtures of the corresponding acetyl derivatives2 and3. Under the same conditions, 2,2-disubstituted 1,2-diarylhydrazines yield mixtures of3 and5.

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4-(Dimethylamino)pyridin-katalysierte Reaktion von 1,2-Diarylhydrazinen mit Essigsäureanhydrid

Zusammenfassung Eine neue Methode zur Synthese von 1,2-Diaryl-1,2-dihydro-5-methyl-3H-pyrazol-3-onen3 und 4-Acetyl-1,2-diaryl-1,2-dihydro-5-methyl-3H-pyrazol-3-onen5 wird beschrieben. Die Reaktion von 4,4-disubstituierten 1,2-Diaryl-hydrazinen1 mit Essigsäureanhydrid führt in Gegenwart eines Äquivalentes 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridin zu Gemischen der entsprechenden Acetylderivate2 und3. Unter den gleichen Bedingungen werden aus 2,2-disubstituierten 1,2-Diarylhydrazinen Gemische aus3 und5 erhalten.