Sol–Gel Synthesis of Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>O-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-P<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> Glasses and their Characterization by NMR,SNMS, and AFM

Sodium aluminophosphate samples with composition 43.8Na₂O12.5Al₂O₃43.8P₂O₅ were prepared by the sol–gel route using different precursors and working in different pH ranges from pH < 1 up to pH > 10. The structures of the gels and of the corresponding glasses were investigated by solid state NMR and compared to that of a glass with the same composition prepared by a traditional melting process. In addition to bulk materials, thin films were deposited by dip coating on silica glasses. Applying secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS), the expected elements and residual carbon were identified. The surfaces of the coatings and fracture surfaces of bulk material were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Solid state NMR revealed that samples prepared via a lactate route exhibited local Al and P environments closest to that of the melt-prepared glass, with the highest extent of Al-O-P connectivity.     

Bestimmung von Mikrogrammengen Silicium als Silicomolybd?nblau

Zusammenfassung Die Bedingungen der Bildung der Silicomolybdänsäure und deren Reduktion zu Silicomolybdänblau werden eingehend untersucht. Insbesondere ergibt sich, daß zur Erzielung einer definierten Reduktionsstufe Zinn(II)-oxalat am besten geeignet ist. Aus der Beeinflussung der Absorptionskurven des Silicomolybdänblaus bei Änderung despH- Wertes bei der Bildung der gelben Silicomolybdänsäure folgt, daß derpH-Einfluß stark wellenlängenabhängig ist. Im Gebiet 710–730 m beträgt diepH-Abhängigkeit nur einen Bruchteil der Abhängigkeit im Absorptionsmaximum (800 m). Die sich aus den Versuchen ergebenden Folgerungen für die photometrische Bestimmung kleiner Siliciummengen werden diskutiert. Bei Einhaltung der gefundenen optimalen Bedingungen wird eine Reproduzierbarkeit < ± 2% relativ erreicht.Bei der Durchführung der Untersuchungen wurde ich von Frl. E. Bauersachs unterstützt.     

Doubly charged sodium clusters: plasmon response and photoproduction

The optical response of doubly charged sodium clusters Na _n+2 ⁺⁺ was measured for n = 20, 40, and 58 valence electrons, for which the jellium model predicts spherical clusters. A new experimental scheme was developed which allows to separate doubly charged clusters of even mass from the singly charged with half the mass. The optical spectra are dominated by a plasmon-like resonance which is blue shifted and narrower than that of the singly charged clusters. The smallest doubly charged cluster observed was Na ₉ ⁺⁺ . The photo ionization cross section for singly charged clusters was found to be typically 2.6·10^-19cm² per Na atom for photon energies of around 6 eV, which is a factor of 400 smaller than the maximum in the plasmon absorption in the region of hω=2.6 eV.     

Der austausch des cyclopentadienylliganden im methylcyclopentadienylmangan(I)tricarbonyl. Untersuchungen zur konkurrierenden komplexbildung mit methylsubstituierten benzolen

Exchange of the cyclopentadienyl ligand in methylcyclopentadienylmanganese(I) tricarbonyl with methyl-substituted benzenes is catalysed by AlCl₃ + HCl and leads to the cations [arene-Mn(CO)₃]⁺. The methylbenzenes isomerize and disproportionate during the reaction. The distribution of the arenes between the solution and the complex ions has been determined. The different complexing abilities of the arenes lead to the proposal of an associative mechanism for the ligand exchange.     

An atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of non-ionic surfactants

A method is described for the determination of non-ionic surfactants in the concentration range 0.05–2 mg l^-1.Surfactant molecules are extracted into 1,2-dichlorobenzene as a neutral adduct with potassium tetrathiocyanatozincate(II) and the determination is completed by atomic absorption spectrometry. With a 150-ml water sample, the limit of detection is 0.03 mg l^-1(as Triton X-100).The method requires a single phase separation step, is applicable, without modification, to fresh, estuarine and sea-water samples and is relatively free from interference by anionic surfactants; the presence of up to 5 mg l^-1 of anionic surfactant (as LAS) introduces an error of no more than 0.07 mg l^-1 (as Triton X-100) in the apparent non-ionic surfactant concentration.     

Evidence for Selective Association of Tetrahedral BO4 Units with Na+ and of Trigonal BO3 Units with H+ in Dehydrated Zeolite B-ZSM-5 from Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

Conclusive proof has now been obtained for the selective association of trigonal BO₃ and tetrahedral BO₄ units with H⁺ and Na⁺ ions, respectively, in B-ZSM-5 zeolites (the interactions are depicted in the picture). This was achieved with a combination of ¹¹B{²³Na}, ¹¹B{¹H}, and ¹H{¹¹B} rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR spectroscopic experiments.