Diastereoselective synthesis of diketopiperazine bis-α,β-epoxides

Functionalized diketopiperazines (dioxopiperazines) are an important class of molecules in medicinal chemistry and material science. Herein we report a diastereoselective synthesis of diketopiperazine bis-α,β-epoxides via the oxidation of exocyclic olefins. Although six diastereomers may be formed by this approach, only one or two of them were observed.     

Photochemical inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Adaptability to a broad range of environments together with relatively high resistance to antibiotics and to disinfectants makes Pseudomonas aeruginosa a concern in hospitals and in public health. We investigated whether UVA-mediated photochemical inactivation of P. aeruginosa could be accomplished with high efficiency while at the same time preserving the sensitivity of subsequent diagnostic tests. We characterized dose responses and bactericidal kinetic rates of 5-iodonaphthyl 1-azide (INA) and of amotosalen (AMO) as these substances exposed to UVA are known to inactivate germs with minimal impact to blood products or to viral antigens. Neither UVA without photochemicals nor INA or AMO in the dark inactivated bacteria. We found that AMO was ca 1000-fold more effective in inactivating P. aeruginosa cells than INA under similar conditions. Photoinactivation with either INA or AMO at conditions that abolished bacterial infectivity did not impair polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. For comparison, similar titers of Bacillus atrophaeus spores (a surrogate for B. anthracis) remained unaffected at conditions that reduced the survival of P. aeruginosa below detection levels. The results presented in this study should assist in improved methods to inactivate P. aeruginosa in environmental, clinical and forensic samples without impairing subsequent nucleic acid- or immune-based analysis.     

White Luminescence from Multiple‐Dye‐Doped Electrospun DNA Nanofibers by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

A DNA spin‐off : Electrospinning of DNA complexes gives nanofibers with a highly ordered morphology that allows homogeneous distribution of encapsulated multiple chromophores. The emission color can be controlled by suitable choice of the donor–acceptor pair and the doping ratio. Pure white‐light emission from nanofibers is demonstrated (see picture).

     

Selective complexation of Li+ in water at neutral pH using a self-assembled ionophore

A trinuclear metallamacrocycle was obtained by assembly of a tridentate ligand and a ruthenium complex in water at neutral pH. The complex acts as a potent ionophore for lithium ions with a Li+/Na+ selectivity of 10 000:1.     

Formazane als funktionelle Gruppen chelatbildender Ionenaustauscher. II

Zusammenfassung Die Polystyrol-Ionenaustauscher (F I)-P und (T II)-P mit einem substituierten Formazan bzw. Tetrazoliumsalz als funktioneller Gruppe werden dargestellt. Beide Harze sind zum Austausch von Anionen fähig und haben ein hohes Selektionsvermögen für Edelmetalle. Die beschriebene Anreicherung und Abtrennung von Pd(II)-Spuren aus NH₄Cl- und Ni(II)-haltigen Lösungen mit polymer gebundenen Formazanen dient als Ausgangsbasis zu Recycling-Verfahren für Edelmetalle in der Galvanik.

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Formazans as functional groups of chelating ion exchangers. IIThe separation and enrichment of palladium

Summary The polystyrene ion-exchangers (F I)-P and (T II)-P with a substituted formazan and tetrazolium salt resp. as functional groups were synthesized. Both resins have properties of anion-exchangers with great selectivity to noble metals. — Traces of Pd(II) were enriched and separated from solutions containing NH₄Cl and Ni(II). The recycling of noble metals from electro-plating processes with immobilized formazans seems to be possible.

Dem Land Nordrhein-Westfalen sowie dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie danken wir für die finanzielle Förderung dieser Untersuchungen.Für sorgfältiges präparatives Arbeiten danken wir Herrn cand. phil. Reinhold Beulen.     

Comparison of two pneumatic nebulizers for use in ICP emission spectroscopy

Summary The connexions between aerosol gas flow and optimal observation height were experimentally illustrated by comparing two pneumatic nebulizers. If we succeed in getting a higher sample flow with lower aerosol gas velocity, the remaining time of the aerosol in the plasma flame will be considerably prolonged. This results in a maximum emission of all elements studied up to now at the lowest possible observation height of the plasma flame. Thus an essential supposition for simultaneous multielement analysis is fulfilled: A height correction between single element measurements does not cause an improvement, the plasma flame can be firmly installed in the optical axis. The detection limits of all studied elements are considerably improved by the prolonged remaining time. The reproducibility of the measurements is 1% in the concentration range up to 10 ng/ml.

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Vergleich zweier pneumatischer Zerstäuber für die ICP-Emissionsspektroskopie

Zusammenfassung Durch den Vergleich zweier pneumatischer Zerstäuber wurden die Zusammenhänge zwischen Aerosolgasrate und optimaler Beobachtungshöhe experimentell verdeutlicht. Wenn es gelingt, mit geringer Aerosolgasgeschwindigkeit einen höheren Lösungsdurchsatz zu bewirken, dann wird auch die Verweilzeit des Aerosols in der Plasmaflamme erheblich verlängert. Dadurch wird bewirkt, daß alle bisher untersuchten Elemente in der geringst möglichen Beobachtungshöhe der Plasmaflamme eine maximale Emission zeigen. Somit ist für die simultane Multielementanalyse eine wesentliche Voraussetzung erfüllt: Eine Höhenkorrektur zwischen Einzelelement-Messungen führt zu keiner Verbesserung, die Plasmaflamme kann in der optischen Achse fest installiert werden. Die Bestimmungsgrenzen aller untersuchten Elemente werden durch die verlängerte Verweilzeit erheblich verbessert. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der Messungen im Konzentrationsbereich bis zu 10 ng/ml beträgt 1%.

     

A high resolution spectrometer using nuclear Bragg diffraction

A high resolution spectrometer for synchrotron radiation using nuclear Bragg diffraction has been constructed at a DORIS beamline (DESY, Hamburg). This spectrometer provides a γ-ray beam for hyperfine spectroscopy and for other application which need high resolution in energy and/or time.     

Formazane als funktionelle Gruppen chelatbildender Ionenaustauscher

Zusammenfassung Ein arsonsäure-substituiertes Formazan wird nach der Azokupplungsmethode an Polystyrol gebunden. Das erhaltene chelatbildende Harz ist durch Verteilungskoeffizienten, Kapazitäten und Sorptionsraten für Edel- und Unedelmetalle charakterisiert. In der Gruppe der Platinmetalle und Gold wird folgende Affinitätsreihe gefunden: Pd(II) > Au(III) > Pt(II) > Pt(IV) Os(IV) > Ir(IV) > Ru(III) Rh(III). Unterschiede zwischen theoretischen und praktischen Kapazitätswerten sowie relativ niedrige Elutionsraten werden auf die Multifunktionalität des Harzes zurückgeführt. Pd und Pt sind vom Überschuß an Fe, Cu und Ni abtrennbar und anzureichern.

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Formazans as functional groups of chelating ion-exchangersVI. Preparation, sorption and desorption properties of an arsonic acid-formazan modified polystyrene

Summary An arsonic acid substituted formazan is diazo-coupled to polystyrene. The resulting chelating resin is characterized by distribution coefficients, loading capacities and sorption rates for precious metals and base metals. The following order of affinities was found for platinum-group metals and gold: Pd(II) > Au(III) > Pt(II) > Pt(IV) Os(IV) > Ir(IV) Ru(III) Rh(III). Differences between theoretical and practical specific capacities and comparatively slow rates of elution were attributed to the multifunctionality of the sorbent. Pd and Pt can be separated and enriched from an excess of Fe, Cu and Ni.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. H. Monien zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet

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Dem Land Nordrhein-Westfalen sowie der Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft danken wir für die finanzielle Förderung dieser Untersuchung.     

The crystal and molecule structure of three 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene derivatives:α,α,α-trifluoro-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (C7H2F3N3O6), 2,4,6-trinitrobenzamide (C7H4N4O7), 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid (C7H3N3O8)

The crystal and molecular structures of three 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene derivatives have been determined. Forα,α,α-trifluoro-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (1): monoclinic,P2₁/n,a=7.510(2),b=9.273(2),c=14.984(0) Å,β=99.02(2)°,V=1028.1(4)° ų,Z=4,D=1.816 g cm^?3,R(F)=0.051, andR(wF)=0.055. For 2,4,6-trinitrobenzamide (2): orthorhombic,Pbca,a=9.248(3),b=14.377(6),c=17.729(4) Å,V=1958(1) ų,Z=8,D=1.737 g cm^?3,R(F)=0.073, andR(wF)=0.077. For 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid (3): orthorhombic,P2₁2₁2₁,a=6.553(1),b=11.405(2),c=12.796(2) Å,V=956.3(3) ų,Z=4,D=1.785 g cm^?3,R(F)=0.045, andR(wF)=0.046.1 crystallizes as discrete molecules,2 as weakly hydrogen-bonded dimers and3 as a chiral polymer of hydrogen-bonded helices. In1, the presence of the nonplanar CF₃ substituent causes a large twisting of theα-nitro groups out of the plane of the benzene ring, whereas the nearly planar C(O)NH₂ and C(O)OH substituents in2 and3 are perpendicular to the benzene plane and do not cause a significant rotation of theα-nitro groups.