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131.
Elisabeth Scheiner Kurt Hammerschmidt Uwe Jürgens Petra Zwirner 《Journal of voice》2002,16(4):509-529
The nonverbal vocal utterances of seven normally hearing infants were studied within their first year of life with respect to age- and emotion-related changes. Supported by a multiparametric acoustic analysis it was possible to distinguish one inspiratory and eleven expiratory call types. Most of the call types appeared within the first two months; some emerged in the majority of infants not until the 5th (“laugh”) or 7th month (“babble”). Age-related changes in acoustic structure were found in only 4 call types (“discomfort cry,” “short discomfort cry,” “wail,” “moan”). The acoustic changes were characterized mainly by an increase in harmonic-to-noise ratio and homogeneity of the call, a decrease in frequency range and a downward shift of acoustic energy from higher to lower frequencies. Emotion-related differences were found in the acoustic structure of single call types as well as in the frequency of occurrence of different call types. A change from positive to negative emotional state was accompanied by an increase in call duration, frequency range, and peak frequency (frequency with the highest amplitude within the power spectrum). Negative emotions, in addition, were characterized by a significantly higher rate of “crying,” “hic” and “ingressive vocalizations” than positive emotions, while positive emotions showed a significantly higher rate of “babble,” “laugh,” and “raspberry.” 相似文献
132.
Elisabeth Holder Gabriele Trapp Jost C. Grimm Volker Schurig Ekkehard Lindner 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2002,13(24):2673-2678
The chiral complex [5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-5′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine]-bis(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II)-bis(hexafluoroantimonate) was successfully synthesized and fully characterized by two-dimensional 1H and 13C{1H} NMR techniques (COSY and HMQC) as well as EA- and FAB-MS. A very fast separation of the Δ and Λ enantiomers with excellent efficiency and resolution was achieved by electrokinetic chromatography using anionic carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral mobile phase additive. The optimum separation conditions were obtained with 50 mM borate buffer at pH 9 and 10 mg/ml of the chiral selector at 20°C. Attempts to separate the well known unmodified tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)3] complex into its enantiomers under the same conditions were unsuccessful. 相似文献
133.
Oleg M. Schuvailo Szilveszter Gáspár Alexey P. Soldatkin Elisabeth Csöregi 《Electroanalysis》2007,19(1):71-78
Carbon fiber microelectrodes, able to detect catecholamine release from single cells, have significantly contributed to our present understanding of the mechanism of secretory neurotransmission. In spite of their obvious advantages, there are only a few amperometric sensors (characterized by appropriate size, sensitivity, and selectivity) able to measure the release of other (not easily oxidizable) neurotransmitters at cellular level. The present work describes the fabrication and characterization of an ultramicrobiosensor for the selective detection of glutamate. The developed sensor has a size of 2.5–15 μm in diameter, a sensitivity of 0.62 mA mM?1 cm?2, and a detection limit of 5 μM. The excellent selectivity of the sensor (achieved using electrodeposition of Ru, Rh, and poly(m‐phenylenediamine)) makes it a promising candidate for monitoring glutamate release at single cell level. 相似文献
134.
Patrick Shahgaldian Anthony W. Coleman Beth Rather Michael J. Zaworotko 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2005,52(3):241-245
The crystal structure of para-octanoylcalix-[4]-arene·2 tetrahydrofuran complex reveals double inclusion of the guest molecules, one deep in the aromatic cavity and the other held in a four-fingered molecular hand formed by the aliphatic chains, the inclusion changes the molecular packing from a bilayer system in the absence of guest, to a head-to-tail antiparallel chain packing. 相似文献
135.
Magnesium dicyanamide tetrahydrate Mg[N(CN)2]2 · 4 H2O was synthesized by aqueous ion exchange starting from Na[N(CN)2] and Mg(NO3)2 · 6 H2O. The crystal structure was solved and refined on the basis of powder X‐ray diffraction data (P21/c, Z = 2, a = 737.50(2), b = 732.17(1), c = 971.67(2) pm, β = 98.074(1)°, wRp = 0.059, Rp = 0.046, RF = 0.075). In the crystal there are neutral complexes [Mg[N(CN)2]2(H2O)4] which are only connected via hydrogen bonds. Above 40 °C the tetrahydrate decomposes into anhydrous Mg[N(CN)2]2. 相似文献
136.
137.
Jean-Pierre Célérier Elisabeth Deloisy-Marchalant Gérard Lhommet 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1984,21(6):1633-1635
Cyclic β-enaminoesters are C-alkylated. Experimental conditions are different according to the ring size, mild with large rings and drastic with small rings where the conjugation is more important. Physical data allow an explanation between the ring size of β-enaminoesters and their reactivity. 相似文献
138.
Krieger Christine Langer Elisabeth Lehner Harald 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1976,107(1):19-33
The applicability of theLambert-Buys-Criterion (R-Value-Method) is tested for the ten-membered ring of [2.2]metacyclophane. The torsional angles thus obtained from the vicinal proton spin coupling constants are in accordance with X-ray data and recent force field calculations. Consequently, further investigations could be performed regarding the changes of the basic geometry in substituted [2.2]metacyclophanes. Fourteen derivatives with different substituents and substitution patterns were studied and their conformational changes are discussed.
Mit 7 Abbildungen
VonH. Lehner auszugsweise vorgetragen am Organisch-Chemischen Institut der Reichsuniversität Gent, Belgien, am 27. Mai 1975. 相似文献
Mit 7 Abbildungen
VonH. Lehner auszugsweise vorgetragen am Organisch-Chemischen Institut der Reichsuniversität Gent, Belgien, am 27. Mai 1975. 相似文献
139.
140.
Khan Tahir Ali Hasan Syed Sirajul Varkey Saji P. Rather Manzoor Ahmad Jahan Nafees Shakir Mohammad 《Transition Metal Chemistry》1997,22(1):4-8
A new class of tetraiminetetraamide macrocyclic (Ph4[20]tetraene, N8O4, and Ph6[20]tetraene, N8O4) complexes have been prepared through the metal ion controlled reaction of 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-dione dihydrazone (DPEDDH) with succinic acid [ML1X2] or phthalic acid [ML2X2] [M=Mn, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn; X=Cl or NO3]. The structures of the complexes have been elucidated on the basis of i.r, 1H-n.m.r, e.p.r. and electronic spectral data and conductance, as well as magnetic, properties. An octahedral geometry is assigned for all the complexes, involving coordination of the all-imine nitrogens. 相似文献