全文获取类型
收费全文 | 956篇 |
免费 | 43篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 630篇 |
晶体学 | 12篇 |
力学 | 36篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
数学 | 91篇 |
物理学 | 237篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 39篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 25篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 38篇 |
2015年 | 27篇 |
2014年 | 51篇 |
2013年 | 80篇 |
2012年 | 76篇 |
2011年 | 81篇 |
2010年 | 40篇 |
2009年 | 39篇 |
2008年 | 47篇 |
2007年 | 45篇 |
2006年 | 60篇 |
2005年 | 41篇 |
2004年 | 32篇 |
2003年 | 26篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 30篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1917年 | 1篇 |
1911年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1007条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
21.
Truong Son Pham Katalin Gönczi György Kardos Krisztina Süle László Hegedűs Mihály Kállay Miklós Kubinyi Pál Szabó Imre Petneházy László Tőke Zsuzsa Jászay 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2013,24(24):1605-1614
Several cinchona based squaramide catalysts were applied to the asymmetric Michael addition of α-nitroethylphosphonates to acrylic acid aryl esters, resulting in high yields and enantioselectivities. The absolute configuration of one of the quaternary α-nitrophosphonate adducts was deduced from its experimental and calculated CD spectra. The adducts were reduced to their cyclic aminophosphonates by catalytic hydrogenation. 相似文献
22.
Yu Na Lim Soo Kyung Chae Woongbin Yim Ji‐Yong Park Woojin Yoon Hoseop Yun Eunha Kim Seung Uk Son Hye‐Young Jang 《应用有机金属化学》2019,33(3)
The reaction of [(domppp) Pd (OAc)2] [domppp = 1,3‐bis (di‐o‐methoxyphenylphosphino)propane] and imidazolium‐functionalized carboxylic acids containing various anions (Br?, PF6?, SbF6? and BF4?) resulted in the formation of nano‐sized Pd (II) aggregates under template‐free conditions. The rate of formation of aggregates can be modulated by changing the anion, affecting the rate of polymerization of CO and olefins without fouling. Herein, we describe the analysis of Pd (II) catalysts by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography, and co‐ and terpolymerization results including the catalytic activity, and bulk density and molecular weight of polymers. 相似文献
23.
Mark D. Savellano Nicci Owusu‐Brackett Ji Son Tanay Ganga Nadia L. Leung Dagmar H. Savellano 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2013,89(3):687-697
A novel pyropheophorbide‐a (PPa) derivative, Ac‐sPPp, was developed in our lab for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) and combination therapies. Its versatile peptide moiety, high water‐solubility, amphiphilicity, and micellar aggregation allow efficient coupling to targeting moieties and convenient mixing with other therapeutics. Photosensitizer immunoconjugate (PIC) targeted PDT, using Ac‐sPPp conjugated to therapeutic anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab, and PDT + chemotherapy combination treatment, using Ac‐sPPp mixed with stealth liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil), were investigated as promising strategies for potentiating PDT and improving target specificity. Passively targeted PDT with Ac‐sPPp only or surfactant‐solubilized PPa was also investigated for comparison. The A‐431 human vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, xenografted in nude mice, was chosen as a tumor model because of its high EGFR expression and sensitivity to liposomal doxorubicin in vitro. Fluorescence imaging and PDT experiments showed that Ac‐sPPp formulations circulated far longer and provided superior tumor contrast and superior tumor control compared to PPa. Strong PDT vascular effects were observed by laser Doppler imaging regardless of whether Ac‐sPPp was passively or actively targeted. Passively targeted Ac‐sPPp PDT gave equivalent or better tumor control than PIC‐targeted PDT or PDT + Doxil combination therapy, and when treatments were repeated, it also yielded the highest cure rate. 相似文献
24.
Sungchil Kang Alexander Efremov Sun Jin Yun Jinyoung Son Kwang-Ho Kwon 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2013,33(2):527-538
An investigation of etching behaviors for Mo and Al2O3 thin films in O2/Cl2/Ar inductively coupled plasmas at constant gas pressure (6 mTorr), input power (700 W) and bias power (200 W) was carried out. It was found that an increase in Ar mixing ratio for Cl2/Ar plasma results in non-monotonic etching rates with the maximums of 160 nm/min at 60 % Ar for Mo and 27 nm/min at 20 % Ar for Al2O3. The addition of O2 in the Cl2/Ar plasma causes the non-monotonic Mo etching rate (max. 320 nm/min at 40–45 % O2) while the Al2O3 etching rate decreases monotonically. The model-based analysis of etching kinetics allows one to relate the non-monotonic etching rates in Cl2/Ar plasma to the change in the etching regime from the ion-flux-limited mode (at low Ar mixing ratios) to the neutral-flux-limited mode (for high Ar mixing ratios). In the Cl2/O2/Ar plasma, the non-monotonic Mo etching rate is probably due to the change in reaction probability. 相似文献
25.
Dongseok Kim Dr. Rosemary L. Calabro Abdullah A. Masud Nadeesha L. Kothalawala Dr. Minsu Gu Dr. Seung-Yeon Kwak Won-Joon Son Dr. Kyu Young Hwang Dr. Hyeonho Choi Prof. Christopher I. Richards Prof. Doo Young Kim Prof. Byeong-Su Kim 《化学:亚洲杂志》2021,16(24):4155-4164
Fluorescent carbon nanodots (CDs) have been highlighted as promising semiconducting materials due to their outstanding chemical and optical properties. However, the intrinsic heterogeneity of CDs has impeded a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind their photophysical properties. In this study, as-prepared CDs are fractionated via chromatography to reduce their structural and chemical heterogeneity and analyzed through ensemble and single-particle spectroscopies. Many single particles reveal fluorescence intensity fluctuations between two or more discrete levels with bi-exponential decays. While the intrinsic τ1 components are uniform among single particles, the τ2 components from molecule-like emissions spans a wider range of lifetimes, reflecting the inhomogeneity of the surface states. Furthermore, it is concluded that the relative population and chemical states of surface functional groups in CDs have a significant impact on emissive states, brightness, blinking, stability, and lifetime distribution of photoluminescence. 相似文献
26.
Son Tung Ngo Trung Hai Nguyen Nguyen Thanh Tung Pham Cam Nam Khanh B. Vu Van V. Vu 《Journal of computational chemistry》2020,41(7):611-618
Determination of the ligand-binding affinity is an extremely interesting problem. Normally, the free energy perturbation (FEP) method provides an appropriate result. However, it is of great interest to improve the accuracy and precision of this method. In this context, temperature replica exchange molecular dynamics implementation of the FEP computational approach, which we call replica exchange free energy perturbation (REP) was proposed. In particular, during REP simulations, the system can easily escape from being trapped in local minima by exchanging configurations with high temperatures, resulting in significant improvement in the accuracy and precision of protein–ligand binding affinity calculations. The distribution of the decoupling free energy was enlarged, and its mean values were decreased. This results in changes in the magnitude of the calculated binding free energies as well as in alteration in the binding mechanism. Moreover, the REP correlation coefficient with respect to experiment ( RREP = 0.85 ± 0.15 ) is significantly boosted in comparison with the FEP one ( RFEP = 0.64 ± 0.30 ). Furthermore, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of REP is also smaller than FEP, RMSEREP = 4.28 ± 0.69 versus RMSEFEP = 5.80 ± 1.11 kcal/mol, respectively. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
27.
Fokin V. N. Son V. B. Fokina E. E. Tarasov B. P. 《Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry》2020,93(12):1831-1836
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - The reactions of intermetallic compounds ACo3 (A = Ce, Y) with hydrogen and ammonia at 20–450°C were studied. The composition of the products and... 相似文献
28.
Dr. Santosh K. Singh Jesse La Jeunesse Vasant Vuppuluri Prof. Steven F. Son Dr. Bing-Jian Sun Mr. Yue-Lin Chen Prof. Agnes H. H. Chang Prof. Alexander M. Mebel Prof. Dr. Ralf I. Kaiser 《Chemphyschem》2020,21(9):837-842
Understanding of the fundamental mechanisms involved in the decomposition of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) still represents a major challenge for the energetic materials and physical (organic) chemistry communities mainly because multiple competing dissociation channels are likely involved and previous detection methods of the products are not isomer selective. In this study we exploited a microsecond pulsed infrared laser to decompose thin RDX films at 5 K under mild conditions to limit the fragmentation channels. The subliming decomposition products during the temperature programed desorption phase are detected using isomer selective single photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI-ReTOF-MS). This technique enables us to assign a product signal at m/z=42 to ketene (H2CCO), but not to diazomethane (H2CNN; 42 amu) as speculated previously. Electronic structure calculations support our experimental observations and unravel the decomposition mechanisms of RDX leading eventually to the elusive ketene (H2CCO) via an exotic, four-membered ring intermediate. This study highlights the necessity to exploit isomer-selective detection schemes to probe the true decomposition products of nitramine-based energetic materials. 相似文献
29.
Jae Hyung Park Yong Woo Cho Yoen Ju Son Kwangmeyung Kim Hesson Chung Seo Young Jeong Kuiwon Choi Chong Rae Park Rang-Woon Park In-San Kim Ick Chan Kwon 《Colloid and polymer science》2006,284(7):763-770
An anthracycline drug, adriamycin, was chemically conjugated onto the backbone of glycol chitosan via an acid-labile cis-aconityl linkage. The physicochemical characteristics of the glycol chitosan–adriamycin (GC–ADR) conjugates were investigated by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The GC–ADR conjugates were capable of forming nano-sized self-aggregates in an aqueous medium, when the adriamycin content in the conjugate was in the range of 2.0–5.0 wt.%. The self-aggregates were spherical in shape, and had mean diameters of 238–304 nm, depending on the adriamycin content. The critical aggregation concentrations of the conjugates, estimated by the fluorescence quenching method, were as low as 1.0–2.5×10−2 mg/ml. The size of self-aggregates was not affected by the polymer concentration in the range from 50 to 2,000 μg/ml, and was maintained up to 8 days in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4), indicating high colloidal stability. The release of adriamycin from self-aggregates was significantly dependent on the pH of the medium due to the cis-aconityl linkage; e.g., the amount of adriamycin released for 4 days was 7.3±0.3% at pH 7, whereas it was 29.3±1.9% at pH 4. The cell viability results demonstrated that free adriamycin shows more potent cytotoxicity than the conjugates, primarily attributed to the sustained release of adriamycin from self-aggregates. In conclusion, the self-aggregates, formed by GC–ADR conjugates, might be useful for the site-specific delivery of adriamycin in a sustained manner. 相似文献
30.