Study of Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties of bioAgNPs Synthesized Using Streptomyces sp. PBD-311B and the Application of bioAgNP-CNC/Alg as an Antibacterial Hydrogel Film against P. aeruginosa USM-AR2 and MRSA

Here, we report the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and determination of their antibacterial and anticancer properties. We also explore the efficacy of bioAgNPs incorporated in cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and alginate (Alg) for the formation of an antibacterial hydrogel film. Streptomyces sp. PBD-311B was used for the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The synthesized bioAgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, and FTIR analysis. Then, the bioAgNPs’ antibacterial and anticancer properties were determined using TEMA and cytotoxicity analysis. To form the antibacterial hydrogel film, bioAgNPs were mixed with a CNC and Alg solution and further characterized using FTIR analysis and a disc diffusion test. The average size of the synthesized bioAgNPs is around 69 ± 2 nm with a spherical shape. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of silver nanocrystals. FTIR analysis showed the presence of protein capping at the bioAgNP surface and could be attributed to the extracellular protein binding to bioAgNPs. The MIC value of bioAgNPs against P. aeruginosa USM-AR2 and MRSA was 6.25 mg/mL and 3.13 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the bioAgNPs displayed cytotoxicity effects against cancer cells (DBTRG-0.5MG and MCF-7) and showed minimal effects against normal cells (SVG-p12 and MCF-10A), conferring selective toxicity. Interestingly, the bioAgNPs still exhibited inhibition activity when incorporated into CNC/Alg, which implies that the hydrogel film has antibacterial properties. It was also found that bioAgNP-CNC/Alg displayed a minimal or slow release of bioAgNPs owing to the intermolecular interaction and the hydrogel’s properties. Overall, bioAgNP-CNC/Alg is a promising antibacterial hydrogel film that showed inhibition against the pathogenic bacteria P. aeruginosa and MRSA and its application can be further evaluated for the inhibition of cancer cells. It showed benefits for surgical resection of a tumor to avoid post-operative wound infection and tumor recurrence at the surgical site.     

Reactivity of substituted 3‐(diethylphosphonyl)‐1‐(trialkylsilyl)alka‐1,3‐dienes: Regioselective epoxidation and cyclopropanation reactions

When treated with electrophilic m‐CPBA reagent, dienes 1 were efficiently epoxidized at the silylated 1,2‐double bond exclusively. Otherwise, regioselective cyclopropanation of the phosphonylated 3,4‐double bond was achieved by using the nucleophilic Corey's reagent. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 10:231–236, 1999     

Effects of Thermal Radiation and Slip Mechanism on Mixed Convection Flow of Williamson Nanofluid Over an Inclined Stretching Cylinder

The current investigation highlights the mixed convection slip flow and radiative heat transport of uniformly electrically conducting Williamson nanofluid yield by an inclined circular cylinder in the presence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter.A Lorentzian magnetic body force model is employed and magnetic induction effects are neglected.The governing equations are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with associated boundary conditions by applying scaling group transformations.The reduced nonlinear ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fifth-order method with shooting technique.The effects of magnetic field,Prandtl number,mixed convection parameter,buoyancy ratio parameter,Brownian motion parameter,thermophoresis parameter,heat generation/absorption parameter,mass transfer parameter,radiation parameter and Schmidt number on the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt are analyzed and discussed.It is found that the velocity of the fluid decreases with decrease in curvature parameter,whereas it increases with mixed convection parameter.Further,the local Nusselt number decreases with an increase in the radiation parameter.The numerical comparison is also presented with the existing published results and found that the present results are in excellent agreement which also confirms the validity of the present methodology.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,Ab Initio Studies and Fingerprint Plots of 2-Chloro-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl acetate

Abstract  

2-Chloro-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl acetate, C₁₁H₇ClO₄ (Fig. 1), has been synthesized and the structure has been solved by IR and X-ray diffraction studies. The crystals are triclinic, space group P [`1] \bar{1} , with a = 7.62060(10) ?, b = 11.5944(2) ?, c = 13.0753(3) ?, α = 97.2820(10)°, β = 101.5740(10)°, γ = 101.7930(10)°, Mr = 238.62, V = 1090.82(3) ?³, Z = 4 and R = 0.0557. In the title compound there are two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The molecules are linked via weak C–H···O hydrogen bonds forming R₄⁴(28) rings. The intermolecular interactions were analysed by means of the fingerprint plots derived from the Hirshfeld surfaces. The fingerprint plots evidenced subtle differences in the intermolecular contacts for the two independent molecules.      

Comparison of homotopy analysis method and homotopy-perturbation method for purely nonlinear fin-type problems

In this paper, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is compared with the homotopy-perturbation method (HPM) and the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) to determine the temperature distribution of a straight rectangular fin with power-law temperature dependent surface heat flux. Comparisons of the results obtained by the HAM with that obtained by the ADM and HPM suggest that both the HPM and ADM are special case of the HAM.     

Effect of Conduction in Bottom Wall on B��nard Convection in a Porous Enclosure with Localized Heating and Lateral Cooling

Darcy-Bénard convection in a square porous enclosure with a localized heating from below and lateral cooling is studied numerically in the present paper. A finite-thickness bottom wall is locally heated, the top wall is kept at a lower temperature than the bottom wall temperature, and the lateral walls are cooled. The finite difference method has been used to solve the dimensionless governing equations. The analysis in the undergoing numerical investigation is performed in the following ranges of the associated dimensionless groups: the heat source length?? ${0.2\leq H \leq 0.9}$ , the wall thickness?? ${0.05\leq D \leq 0.4}$ , the thermal conductivity ratio?? ${0.8\leq K_{\rm r} \leq 9.8}$ , and the Biot number?? ${0.1\leq Bi \leq 1.1}$ . It is observed that the heat transfer rate could increase with increasing heat source lengths, thermal conductivity ratio, and cooling intensity. There exists a critical wall thickness for a high wall conductivity below which the increasing wall thickness increases the heat transfer rate and above which the increasing wall thickness decreases the heat transfer rate.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 2,4-bis(4′-n-pentyloxybenzoyloxy)- benzylidine-4″- n-alkoxyaniline

The synthesis and mesomorphic properties of a new series of 2,4-bis(4′-npentyloxybenzoyloxy)- benzylidine-4″ -n-alkoxyaniline (DC5An) are reported. The molecular structure of compounds was confirmed by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The mesomorphic properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM) measurements. All compounds of the series exhibit nematic (N) and smectic C (SmC) phases. The first four homologues (DC5A1-DC5A4) display a N mesophase, whereas the highest homologues (DC5A5-DC5A10) exhibit an enantiotropic dimorphism N and SmC phases. The mesomorphic properties of the present series are compared and discussed with other structurally related series.     

The effect of europium oxide impurity on the optical and physical properties of lithium potassium borate glass

The most hosts that is utilized in scientific application is borate glass. By using melt-quenching technique, five samples of lithium potassium borate (LKB) doped with different concentration of europium oxide (Eu₂O₃) were prepared. To investigate the influence of dopant on the optical and physical characteristics of the proposed glass, two methods have been applied (XRD, PL). The amorphous nature was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The physical parameters of the glass matrix doped by different oxidation state have been analyzed, these parameters are density, molar volume, ion concentration, inter-nuclear distance, and polaron radius. The exchange in the concentration of Eu³⁺ indicated the influence of Eu as a dopant on the photoluminescence (PL) emission of LKB glasses. The emission spectrum of LKB:Eu³⁺ show a chain of emission bands, which are attributed to ⁵ D ₀-⁷ F _r (r = 1–4) transition of Eu³⁺. The luminescence studies showed four peaks 590 (yellow), 613 (orange), 650 (red), and 698 nm (red) for all samples except sample 0, the high luminescence efficiency is in emitting orange light at 613 nm.