Effects of Thermal Radiation and Slip Mechanism on Mixed Convection Flow of Williamson Nanofluid Over an Inclined Stretching Cylinder

The current investigation highlights the mixed convection slip flow and radiative heat transport of uniformly electrically conducting Williamson nanofluid yield by an inclined circular cylinder in the presence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter.A Lorentzian magnetic body force model is employed and magnetic induction effects are neglected.The governing equations are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with associated boundary conditions by applying scaling group transformations.The reduced nonlinear ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fifth-order method with shooting technique.The effects of magnetic field,Prandtl number,mixed convection parameter,buoyancy ratio parameter,Brownian motion parameter,thermophoresis parameter,heat generation/absorption parameter,mass transfer parameter,radiation parameter and Schmidt number on the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt are analyzed and discussed.It is found that the velocity of the fluid decreases with decrease in curvature parameter,whereas it increases with mixed convection parameter.Further,the local Nusselt number decreases with an increase in the radiation parameter.The numerical comparison is also presented with the existing published results and found that the present results are in excellent agreement which also confirms the validity of the present methodology.     

Homotopy analysis method for fractional IVPs

In this paper, the homotopy analysis method is applied to solve linear and nonlinear fractional initial-value problems (fIVPs). The fractional derivatives are described by Caputo’s sense. Exact and/or approximate analytical solutions of the fIVPs are obtained. The results of applying this procedure to the studied cases show the high accuracy and efficiency of the approach.     

On convergence of homotopy analysis method and its modification for fractional modified KdV equations

In this paper, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and its modification (MHAM) are applied to solve the nonlinear time- and space-fractional modified Korteweg-de Vries (fmKdV). The fractional derivatives are described by Caputo’s sense. Approximate and exact analytical solutions of the fmKdV are obtained. The MHAM in particular overcomes the computing difficulty encountered in HAM. Convergence theorems for both the homogeneous and non-homogeneous cases are given. The results of applying this procedure to the studied cases show the high accuracy and efficiency of the approach.     

Ultra Moisturizing Anti-Wrinkle Lotion Enriched with Tocotrienols

A stable palm-based anti-wrinkle lotion enriched with tocotrienols was successfully prepared. The stability of the product was due to the presence of liquid crystalline structure in the emulsion system. It helps in bringing the active to the dermis layer. Functionality active ingredients such as tocotrienols and anti-wrinkle were added in the formulation. A commercial plant extract was used to strengthen the collagen seated at the dermis layer. The product was formulated to pH 5.5 which is suitable for the skin. The mean droplet size is 10.2 µm with a monomodal distribution pattern which prevents agglomeration. This will decrease Brownian motion, thus prolonging its stability. Long-term acute moisturizing tests show a significant increase of between 24% and 17% hydration for five and six weeks respectively. The efficacy testing on 12 subjects confirmed a reduction in natural fine wrinkles on faces during aging or premature aging at ?7.6%.     

Solute alignment in liquid crystal solvents The Saupe ordering matrix for anthracene dissolved in uniaxial liquid crystals

Abstract

We have described a theory for U, the potential of mean torque of rigid solutes at infinite dilution in a uniaxial liquid crystal phase; this may be used to calculate (S _xx - S _yy) and S _zz, the principal elements of the Saupe ordering matrix. In its simplest form U(ω) contains only second-rank terms and the dependence of the biaxiality (S _xx - S _yy) is determined by ω, a parameter which describes the departure of the potential of mean torque from cylindrical symmetry, and is predicted to be temperature independent. If dispersion forces are responsible for the magnitude of the orientational order parameter then ω should be independent of the solvent and depend only on the anisotropy in the electric polarizability of the solute. Indeed, this independence should result for any pair potential which can be factorized into a product of solute and solvent properties. These predictions are tested here by determining values of S _zz and (S _xx - S _yy) for anthracene-d ₁₀ as a solute in several liquid crystal solvents, from the quadrupolar splittings obtained from the deuteron N.M.R. spectra. It is found that ω has a strong dependence on the nature of the solvent, which demonstrates that the solute ordering cannot be determined primarily by dispersion forces, or by a factorizable potential. There is also a weaker temperature dependence of λ observed for each binary mixture, and we show how this might be caused by a dependence of ω on solvent ordering, or by the inclusion of a fourth-rank term in U(ω).     

Extending the Sensitivity of CEST NMR Spectroscopy to Micro‐to‐Millisecond Dynamics in Nucleic Acids Using High‐Power Radio‐Frequency Fields

Biomolecules undergo motions on the micro‐to‐millisecond timescale to adopt low‐populated transient states that play important roles in folding, recognition, and catalysis. NMR techniques, such as Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), and R_1ρ are the most commonly used methods for characterizing such transitions at atomic resolution under solution conditions. CPMG and CEST are most effective at characterizing motions on the millisecond timescale. While some implementations of the R_1ρ experiment are more broadly sensitive to motions on the micro‐to‐millisecond timescale, they entail the use of selective irradiation schemes and inefficient 1D data acquisition methods. Herein, we show that high‐power radio‐frequency fields can be used in CEST experiments to extend the sensitivity to faster motions on the micro‐to‐millisecond timescale. Given the ease of implementing high‐power fields in CEST, this should make it easier to characterize micro‐to‐millisecond dynamics in biomolecules.     

Extending the Sensitivity of CEST NMR Spectroscopy to Micro-to-Millisecond Dynamics in Nucleic Acids Using High-Power Radio-Frequency Fields

Biomolecules undergo motions on the micro-to-millisecond timescale to adopt low-populated transient states that play important roles in folding, recognition, and catalysis. NMR techniques, such as Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), and R_1ρ are the most commonly used methods for characterizing such transitions at atomic resolution under solution conditions. CPMG and CEST are most effective at characterizing motions on the millisecond timescale. While some implementations of the R_1ρ experiment are more broadly sensitive to motions on the micro-to-millisecond timescale, they entail the use of selective irradiation schemes and inefficient 1D data acquisition methods. Herein, we show that high-power radio-frequency fields can be used in CEST experiments to extend the sensitivity to faster motions on the micro-to-millisecond timescale. Given the ease of implementing high-power fields in CEST, this should make it easier to characterize micro-to-millisecond dynamics in biomolecules.     

Preparation of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) stabilised by highly branched hydrocarbon surfactants and dispersed in natural rubber latex nanocomposites

The performance of single-, double- and triple-chain anionic sulphosuccinate surfactants for dispersing multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNCTs) in natural rubber latex (NR-latex) was studied using a range of techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. The conductivities of the nanocomposites were also investigated using four-point probe measurements. Here, MWCNTs were efficiently dispersed in NR-latex with the aid of hyperbranched tri-chain sulphosuccinate anionic surfactants, specifically sodium 1,4-bis(neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentyloxycarbonyl)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulphonate (TC14). This paper highlights that TC14 performs much better than that of the commercially available surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), demonstrating how careful consideration of surfactant architecture leads to improved dispersibility of MWCNTs in NR-latex. The results should be of significant interest for improving nanowiring applications suitable for aerospace-based technology.     

Synthesis of bisquinolone-based mono- and diphosphine ligands of the Aza-BINAP type

Mono- and bisphosphine ligands based on the 4,4'-bisquinolone structural framework (BIQUIP ligands) were generated by direct microwave-assisted palladium-catalyzed carbon-phosphorus cross-coupling reactions employing the corresponding heteroaryl bromides and diphenylphosphine as substrates.     

Phytochemical and cytotoxic investigations of Curcuma mangga rhizomes

Investigations on the cytotoxic effects of the crude methanol and fractionated extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate) C. mangga against six human cancer cell lines, namely the hormone-dependent breast cell line (MCF-7), nasopharyngeal epidermoid cell line (KB), lung cell line (A549), cervical cell line (Ca Ski), colon cell lines (HCT 116 and HT-29), and one non-cancer human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) were conducted using an in-vitro neutral red cytotoxicity assay. The crude methanol and fractionated extracts (hexane and ethyl acetate) displayed good cytotoxic effects against MCF-7, KB, A549, Ca Ski and HT-29 cell lines, but exerted no damage on the MRC-5 line. Chemical investigation from the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions resulted in the isolation of seven pure compounds, namely (E)-labda-8(17),12-dien-15,16-dial (1), (E)-15,16-bisnor-labda-8(17),11-dien-13-on (2), zerumin A (3), β-sitosterol, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited high cytotoxic effects against all six selected cancer cell lines, while compounds 2 showed no anti-proliferative activity on the tested cell lines. Compound 1 also demonstrated strong cytotoxicity against the normal cell line MRC-5. This paper reports for the first time the cytotoxic activities of C. mangga extracts on KB, A549, Ca Ski, HT-29 and MRC-5, and the occurrence of compound 2 and 3 in C. mangga.