Flutter of hanging roofs and curved membrane roofs

This paper presents the determination method of flutter critical wind velocity of hanging roofs and curved membrane roofs of which outer surface only is exposed to wind, and some numerical results for fundamental shape of the roofs are illustrated to make clear the influences of curvatures, materials, size factors and prestressing on this critical velocity, and the dynamic behavior of the roofs subjected to wind. The procedure to formulate the governing equations is on the basis of classical flow theory with vorticities in the boundary layer and in the wake from the trailing edge, and the solution is obtained with Galerkin's procedure.     

Electronic conductivity of pure ceria

The electronic conductivity of pure ceria with two different impurity levels is examined by dc polarization technique based on the Hebb-Wagner ion blocking method. The impurity level for the ceria with 99.999% purity (5N-CeO₂) is about 1/100 of that with 99.9% purity (3N-CeO₂) as confirmed by the fluorescence intensity of impurities obtained by Raman spectroscopy. The electronic conductivity for the 5N-CeO₂ was measured at T = 973 K to 1173 K, and the results are essentially the same as those for the 3N-CeO₂. The electronic conductivity increases with decreasing of P(O₂) following slope values of − 1/4 to − 1/6. The − 1/4 dependent region becomes narrower for the 5N-CeO₂ than that for the 3N-CeO₂. For both types of ceria, the P(O₂) independent region appears in the same region of higher than 10^− 2 and 10^− 3 MPa at T = 1073 K and 973 K, respectively. Activation energies for the 5N-CeO₂ were 2.2 eV, 2.6 eV and 1.9 eV in P(O₂) dependent regions of − 1/6, − 1/4 and 0, respectively.     

Direct Lithiation. I

In the previous paper,² we described the reaction of lithiated ethynyl compounds using butyllithium at -70° with lactones and sugar lactones such as 2,3 : 5, 6-di-o-isopropyl-idene-L-gulonolactone (I) or 2,3-o-isopropylidene-D-ribonolactone (II) to obtain ethynyl lactols.     

Topological factors governing the HOMO-LUMO band gap of the density of states of periodic hydrocarbon polymer networks

The band structures and density of states of 77 infintely large conjugated hydrocarbon polymer networks are calculated with HMO. A general rule for predicting whether the HOMO-LUMO band gap is zero or non-zero is proposed for an arbitrary hydrocarbon polymer network with periodic structure. The effects of bond alternation and of conjugate branching are discussed. Molecular design of high spin polymer networks is proposed.     

Transamidation reactions in the formation of macrocyclic lactams. A total synthesis of celacinnine

The macrocyclic spermidine alkaloid, celacinnine, has been synthesized by methods involving successive ring expansion reactions. One route starts with 4-phenyl-2-azetidinone; another, with piperidazine.     

Development of an efficient photocatalytic system for CO2 reduction using rhenium(I) complexes based on mechanistic studies

The reaction mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 reduction using rhenium(I) complexes has been investigated by means of a detailed comparison of the photocatalyses of three rhenium(I) complexes, fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)3L] (L = SCN- (1-NCS), Cl- (1-Cl), and CN- (1-CN)). The corresponding one-electron-reduced species (OER) of the complexes play two important roles in the reaction: (a) capturing CO2 after loss of the monodentate ligand (L) and (b) donation of the second electron to CO2 by another OER without loss of L. In the case of 1-NCS, the corresponding OER has both of the capabilities in the photocatalytic reaction, resulting in more efficient CO formation (with a quantum yield of 0.30) than that of 1-Cl (quantum yield of 0.16), for which OER species have too short a lifetime to accumulate during the photocatalytic reaction. On the other hand, 1-CN showed no photocatalytic ability, because the corresponding OER species does not dissociate the CN- ligand. Based on this mechanistic information, the most efficient photocatalytic system was successfully developed using a mixed system with fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)3(CH3CN)]+ and fac-[Re{4,4'-(MeO)2bpy}(CO)3{P(OEt)3}]+, for which the optimized quantum yield for CO formation was 0.59.     

Photo‐induced Substitutive Introduction of the Aldoxime Functional Group to Carbon Chains: A Formal Formylation of Non‐Acidic C(sp3)−H Bonds

A photo‐induced substitutive introduction of an aldoxime functional group to carbon chains was achieved using photo‐excited 4‐benzoylpyridine as a C(sp³)?H bond cleaving agent and arylsulfonyl oxime as an aldoxime precursor. The non‐acidic C?H bonds in various substances, including cycloalkanes, ethers, azacycles, and cyclic sulfides, were chemoselectively converted at ambient temperature under neutral conditions. The present transformation is a formal formylation of non‐acidic C(sp³)?H bonds in a single step.     

Photoinduced electron transfer-initiated asymmetric cyclization of N-benzoyl-α-dehydronaphthylalanine alkyl esters carrying chiral and bulky auxiliaries

The irradiation of the title compounds [(Z)-1] having (S)-(+)-sec-butyl, (−)-mentyl and related chiral auxiliaries in methanol and 1,2-dichloroethane containing 2-(diethylamino)ethanol afforded chiral auxiliary-substituted (4S,5S)-, (4R,5R)-, (4R,5S)- and (4S,5R)-4,5-dihydrooxazole derivatives (2) along with (E)-1. It was found that the photoinduced electron transfer-initiated cyclization of 1 gives either of the two diastereomers for cis-2 and trans-2 in diastereomeric excess whose value varies from 6% to 81% depending on solvent and chiral auxiliary.