We give lower bounds, in terms of the Euler characteristic, for the L2-norm of the Weyl curvature of closed Riemannian 4-manifolds. The same bounds were obtained by Gursky, in the case of positive scalar curvature metrics. 相似文献
Different types of impurity-related point defects in crystalline quartz are known to exhibit various spectroscopic signals. When exposed to ionizing radiations, these defect centers get modified and new species of point defects are formed. This paper presents a study and discussion of radiation-induced modification of point defects in natural as well as cultured quartz, with an emphasis to use this material for radiation dosimetry up to a range of a few Mrad. 相似文献
Pitavastatin belongs to the class of coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Very few methods of assaying pitavastatin from human plasma are available in literature. An analytical method is presented for the determination of the drug from human plasma making use of the fluorescent property of the drug. The drug is extracted from plasma using ethyl acetate under neutral condition and then analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (λEx 245 nm; λEm 420 nm). Analysis of pitavastatin was carried out on a C18 HPLC column using a gradient flow of mobile phase (0.01 mol/L monobasic potassium phosphate (pH 3.20)-acetonitrile, 63∶37, v/v). Fluorescein isothiocyanate was used as internal standard. The dynamic range of assay was 3 to 50 ng/mL. The intraday precision was less than 10% and accuracy ranged from 95.2% to 112.6%. The same for interday check was less than 12% and 92.8% to 105.1%, respectively. The drug was found to be stable under the assay conditions. The developed method is simple, precise, accurate, and stable. This indicates that it can be applied to routine analysis of this drug in human subjects where there are large numbers of samples without the need of specialized instruments like column switching. 相似文献
Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant drug used for the treatment of epilepsy. It is not bound to plasma protein and is not metabolized. A high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric micro method is described in this report for its determination from human plasma. Chromatography was performed on a 50 × 4.6 mm, 4 μm nitrile column and the parent ion detected in the positive ionization mode on single quadrupole analyzer (Q1MI) with atmospheric pressure ionization source. Extraction was carried out on C18, 100 mg/3cc cartridge using 10 μL sample volume. The mean extraction recovery was 97% and within batch and between batch coefficients of variation were <9%. Lack of interference from endogenous substances helped in achieving a highly sensitive method without the need for monitoring fragment ions. The lowest concentration injected on column for calibration curve was 195 pg (range 0.5–64 ng). The method was applied for analysis of samples from a cross-over bio-equivalence study comparing two formulations.
New receptor P henylene‐ B is‐ M ethylfuran‐yl‐2‐ M ethyele A cetohydrazide ( PBMMA ) has been synthesized by condensation of hydrazide and 5‐methyl furfural. Synthesized receptor has been fully characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopic and thermo gravimetric analysis. The receptor PBMMA shows selective recognition potential towards Gd3+ ion when tested with several metal ions such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Y3+, La3+, Eu3+, Sm3+, Gd3+, Re6+ and Th4+ ion as their sulfates by UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. Binding nature of PBMMA with Gd3+ ion was further studied by mass spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric studies. The stoichiometry of PBMMA‐ Gd3+ ion has been established, 1:1 by Benesi‐Hildebrand plot method and method of continuous variation (Job's plot) with association affinity K = 6.491 × 104 M?1. In addition to these, molecular docking, molecular dynamic stimulation and binding energy of complex; through Density Function theory ?595.66 kcal/mol has also indication of strong binding. The electron transfer energy of Higher occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to Lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is about 4.186 eV and 295 nm for PBMMA‐Gd3+ Complex. 相似文献
Macrocycles from our Aurora project were screened in a kinase panel and were found to be active on other kinase targets, mainly
JAKs, FLT3 and CDKs. Subsequently these compounds became leads in our JAK2 project. Macrocycles with a basic nitrogen in the
linker form a salt bridge with Asp86 in CDK2 and Asp698 in FLT3. This residue is conserved in most CDKs resulting in potent
pan CDK inhibition. One of the main project objectives was to achieve JAK2 potency with 100-fold selectivity against CDKs.
Macrocycles with an ether linker have potent JAK2 activity with the ether oxygen forming a hydrogen bond to Ser936. A hydrogen
bond to the equivalent residues of JAK3 and most CDKs cannot be formed resulting in good selectivity for JAK2 over JAK3 and
CDKs. Further optimization of the macrocyclic linker and side chain increased JAK2 and FLT3 activity as well as improving
DMPK properties. The selective JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor 11 (Pacritinib, SB1518) has successfully finished phase 2 clinical trials for myelofibrosis and lymphoma. Another selective
JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor, 33 (SB1578), has entered phase 1 clinical development for the non-oncology indication rheumatoid arthritis. 相似文献
The ruthenium(II) carboxylate complex [Ru(O(2)CMes)(2)(p-cymene)] enabled efficient direct arylations of unactivated C-H bonds with easily available, inexpensive phenols. Extraordinary chemoselectivity of the well-defined ruthenium catalyst set the stage for challenging C-H/C-O bond functionalizations to occur under solvent-free conditions as well as in water, and allowed first direct C-H bond arylations with user-friendly diaryl sulfates as electrophiles. 相似文献
Mechanistic studies revealed ruthenium-catalyzed direct arylations to proceed through reversible C-H bond activation and subsequent rate-limiting oxidative addition with aryl halides, which led to the development of widely applicable well-defined ruthenium(II) carboxylate catalysts. 相似文献
AISI 316L stainless steel was laser surface treated with different compositions of Si3N4 and Ti under various laser-processing parameters to improve its surface hardness through reinforcement of Ti-based silicides. The laser-treated regions exhibited improved surface hardness (250–1000 HV), variations in the surface morphology (smooth and bowl like) and presence of cracks and pores depending upon the Si3N4–Ti composition and laser-processing parameters. The study shows that when the Si3N4–Ti composition is 75–25 wt% and laser parameters are 1.5 kW laser power and 1.0 m min−1 scan speed, a laser-treated region with high hardness of about 800 HV and smooth surface morphology as well as free from pores and cracks is observed. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses show that the laser surface-treated region has reinforced phase of Ti5Si3 and retained austenitic structure. The reinforced phase gives rise to very high hardness (or wear resistance) and also a corrosion resistance. 相似文献